نقش تلقیح بذر گندم (Triticum aestivum L) با کودهای زیستی در کاهش خسارت ناشی از تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تلقیح بذر گندم با کودهای زیستی در کاهش خسارت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل رشد، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 91-1390 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران اجرا شد. چهار تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی (عدم تلقیح، تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا Glomus intraradices، تلقیح با باکتری ازتوباکتر Azotobacterchroococcum و تلقیح با هر دو ریزجاندار) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند و همزمان، آزمایش مشابه دیگری ( تیمارهای یکسان، نوع خاک یکسان و شرایط کاشت، داشت و برداشت مشابه) اما در محیط تنش (قطع آبیاری در زمان ورود 50 درصد بوته‌ها به فاز گلدهی) اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش قطع آبیاری در زمان 50 درصد گلدهی سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه در سطح آماری 1 درصد شد. میانگین عملکرد دانه با 3/21 درصد کاهش از 7763 کیلوگرم در هکتار برای آبیاری مطلوب به 6108 کیلوگرم در هکتار رسید و به­طور عمده ناشی از کاهش تعداد دانه در خوشه، تعداد پنجه بارور، عملکرد ماده خشک و تا حد کمتری وزن هزار دانه بود. درصد پروتیین و فسفر دانه در شرایط تنش، افزایش نشان داد اما این افزایش تنها برای درصد پروتیین معنی‌دار بود. تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد زیستی، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد پروتیین، درصد و عملکرد فسفر و محتوای نسبی آب برگ تحت تأثیر تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی قرار گرفتند. اثر مثبت تلقیح بذر بر عملکرد دانه، برای قارچ میکوریزا تا حدی بیشتر از ازتوباکتر بود اگرچه هر سه سطح تلقیح سبب افزایش میانگین عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با شاهد شد. میانگین عملکرد دانه در تیمار تنش و بدون انجام تلقیح معادل 5437 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود اما در همین شرایط، انجام تلقیح سبب افزایش آن به 6463، 6129 و 6403 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌ترتیب برای میکوریزا، ازتوباکتر و تلقیح توأم گردید. درصد و عملکرد پروتیین و همچنین درصد و عملکرد فسفر دانه در اثر تلقیح بذر افزایش نشان داد. تنش خشکی در فاز زایشی اثری بر محتوای نسبی آب برگ نداشت. با این‌حال انجام تلقیح سبب افزایش درصد محتوای نسبی آب برگ‌ها و بهبود دوام سطح برگ گندم شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers on reduction of drought stress damage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Hasanpour
  • Behnam Zand
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effects of seed wheat inoculation with VA mycorrhiza and azotobacter bio fertilizers on reduction of late season drought stress damage, an experiment was conducted in agricultural and natural resources research center of Tehran province on 2011-12. Four levels of seed inoculations (non-inoculation, inoculation with VA mycorrhiza fungus, inoculation with azotobacter and combined inoculation (fungus plus bacteria) in a randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated. Another same experiment (same treatments, same soil type and same planting, cultivation and harvest condition), but in drought stress environment (non-irrigation at start of flowering stage) conducted. Drought stress at start of flowering stage caused a significant decrease by 21.3% on grain yield from 7763 to 6108 kg/ha that was mainly due to significant reduction of number of seed per spike, number of fertile tiller, biological yield and TKW. Seed protein percentage and seed phosphorus percentage increased at stress condition but this was significant only for protein percentage. Effect of seed inoculation with bio fertilizers was significant for all traits except harvest index. All three levels of inoculation increased wheat grain yield significantly, but the positive effect of mycorrhiza was more than the others. The difference between seed inoculation with each one of micro organisms and dual inoculation was not significant. The amount of grain yield for S2I1 treatment (drought stress condition and without inoculation) was 5437 kg/hac, but inoculation with mycorrhiza (S2I2), azotobacter (S2I3) and dual inoculation (S2I4), increased the grain yield to 6463, 6129 and 6403 kg/hac respectively. Protein yield and percentage and phosphorus yield and percentage increased significantly for all three inoculation treatments. Drought stress effect on RWC was not significant but seed inoculation had a significant effect on RWC.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azotobacter
  • Drought stress
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Phosphorous
  • Protein
  • Wheat
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