بررسی دگرآسیبی عصاره الکلی گیاه دارویی شیرین‌بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) بر پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاه زراعی گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) و علف‌هرز سوروف (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس، ایران

10.22124/jms.2026.10034

چکیده

در راستای تحقق اهداف کشاورزی پایدار و به‌ویژه در مواجهه با چالش‌های حاصل از مصرف بی­رویه علف‌کش‌ها و اثرات منفی آن‌ها بر سلامت انسان و محیط زیست، استفاده از روش‌های غیرشیمیایی در جهت کنترل و مدیریت علف‌های هرز از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. یکی از این روش‌ها، استفاده از خاصیت دگرآسیبی گیاهان می‌باشد. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات دگرآسیبی گیاه دارویی شیرین‌بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra) بر پارامتر‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاه زراعی گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius) و علف‌هرز سوروف (Echinochloa crus) در دو بخش مجزا (آزمایشگاه و گلخانه) به‌ترتیب در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس در سال 1404 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل عصاره­های الکلی شیرین‌بیان در غلظت‌های 100، 500 و 1000 پی‌پی‌ام ریشه، 100، 500 و 1000 پی‌پی‌ام برگ و شاهد (آب مقطر) بود. نتایج در شرایط آزمایشگاه نشان داد با افزایش غلظت عصاره الکلی در ریشه و برگ شیرین‌بیان؛ صفات جوانه­زنی، رشدی و همچنین محتوای کلروفیل کل هر دو گیاه گلرنگ و سوروف به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین میزان بازدارندگی به‌ترتیب در تیمار 1000 پی‌پی‌ام عصاره ریشه و 100 پی‌پی‌ام عصاره برگ مشاهده شد. غلظت 1000 پی‌پی‌ام عصاره ریشه شیرین‌بیان، درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی را به‌ترتیب در گلرنگ (17/38 و 95/65 درصد) و در سوروف (90/49 و70/77 درصد)، نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. بیشترین میزان بازدارندگی طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر در گیاه گلرنگ به‌ترتیب (57/38 و 94/61 درصد) و در سوروف (20/81 و 38/90 درصد) نسبت به شاهد، مربوط به عصاره ریشه شیرین‌بیان در غلظت 1000 پی‌پی‌ام بود. نتایج آزمایش گلخانه نشان داد با افزایش غلظت در عصاره‌های شیرین‌بیان، طول ساقه‌چه و سطح برگ در هر دو گیاه مورد بررسی، به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. البته حساسیت علف‌هرز سوروف نسبت به گیاه گلرنگ بیشتر بود، به‌طوری که در غلظت 1000 پی‌پی‌ام عصاره ریشه، طول ساقه‌چه و سطح برگ در علف‌هرز سوروف به‌ترتیب 21/63 و 85/58 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داشت.  به‌طور کلی، علف‌هرز سوروف نسبت به گیاه زراعی گلرنگ، حساسیت بیشتری به اثرات دگرآسیبی عصاره‌های الکلی شیرین‌بیان نشان داد. عصاره ریشه، اثرات بازدارندگی قوی‌تری نسبت به عصاره برگ داشت که بیانگر آن است که عصاره الکلی ریشه شیرین‌بیان می‌تواند به‌عنوان گزینه‌ای مقرون‌به‌صرفه، قابلیت مهار جوانه‌زنی و رشد اولیه علف‌هرز سوروف را داشته باشد.اگرچه برای توصیه قطعی این راهکار لازم است مطالعات دقیق‌تری روی سایر علف­های هرز انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the allelopathic potential of alcoholic extract of the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on germination and growth parameters Carthamus tinctorius L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Rezvani 1
  • Ali Rahemi Karixaki 2
  • Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
چکیده [English]

To achieve the goals of sustainable agriculture, particularly in addressing the challenges associated with the excessive use of herbicides and their adverse effects on human health and the environment, the adoption of non-chemical approaches for weed control and management has become increasingly important. One such method is the use of the allelopathic properties of plants. This study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of the medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) on the growth and germination parameters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant and Cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) weed in two separate sections (laboratory and the greenhouse). The experiments were conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and randomized complete block design with four replications, respectively at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources - Gonbad Kavous University - during 2025. The experimental treatments consisted of alcoholic extracts of licorice root and leaf at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 ppm, along with distilled water as the control. The results under laboratory conditions showed that with increasing concentrations of alcoholic root and leaf extracts of G. glabra, germination, growth traits, and total chlorophyll content of both C. tinctorius plant and E. crus-galli weed decreased significantly. The highest and lowest inhibition rates among the different extract concentrations and plant organs were observed in the 1000 ppm of root extract and 100 ppm of leaf extract treatments, respectively. The 1000 ppm concentration of alcoholic extract of G. glabra decreased the germination percentage and rate in C. tinctorius plant (38.17 and 65.95 percent) and in E. crus-galli weed (49.90 and 77.70 percent), respectively, compared to the control. Also, the highest inhibition rates of seedling length and seed germination index in C. tinctorius plant (38.56 and 61.94 percent) and in E. crus-galli weed (81.20 and 90.38 percent) respectively, compared to the control was related to G. glabra root extract at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of the greenhouse experiment showed that with increasing concentration of alcoholic extract in G. glabra root and leaf, the shoot length and leaf area of ​​both plants were significantly reduced. However, the sensitivity of E. crus-galli weed was higher than that of the C. tinctorius plant, so that at a concentration of 1000 ppm of root extract, the shoot length and leaf area of ​​ E. crus-galli weed were reduced by 63.21 and 58.85 percent, respectively, compared to the control. Overall, Echinochloa crus-galli exhibited greater sensitivity to the allelopathic effects of alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra than Carthamus tinctorius. The root extract showed stronger inhibitory effects than the leaf extract, suggesting that the alcoholic root extract of G. glabra has the potential to suppress the germination and early growth of E. crus-galli in a cost-effective manner. However, further detailed studies on other weed species are required before this strategy can be recommended for practical application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allelochemicals
  • Chlorophyll
  • Germination rate
  • Herbicide
  • Root length

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علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 13، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 33-52

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