Effect of brasinosteroid on morphological and physiological traits of garden thyme (Thymusvulgaris) in salinity stress

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Assistant professor of Sayyed Jamaleddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran

Abstract

The present study was conducted to reduce the effects of salinity stress on germination and initial growth stages of Thymus vulgaris as a medicinal plant using brassinosteroid (BR) under in vitro culture. Thyme seeds were exposed to different concentrations of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) and BR (0.5, 1 and 3 µM), and then different germination and growth indices as well as some phytochemical properties of seedlings were measured. Results indicated that under salinity conditions, the highest germination percentage (95%) was observed at the lowest salt concentration (50 mM) and the highest BR concentration (3 µM). Applying differentBR concentrations improved root and shoot height.It also increased dry and fresh biomass of thyme seedlings in a way that at the same salinity conditions of 200 mM, root and stem length increased about 30.5% and 42.9%, respectively, in samples treated with 3 µM BR in coparison with the ones treated with 0.5 µM BR. The amount of proline and antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the seedlings treated with the highest BR concentration in comparison with those treated with the lower concentrations, and the seedlings had lower membrane permeability (lipid peroxidation). The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a negative correlation between cell membrane permeability (amount of malondialdehyde) and all measured biochemical and morphological traits related to seedling growth. According to the results of this study, it is suggested to apply BR during the sensitive stage of seed germination and early growth of garden thyme seedlings under water or soil salinity conditions.

Keywords

References

Ali, B. 2017. Practical applications of brassinosteroids in horticulturesome field perspectives. Scientia Horticulturae, 225: 15-21. (Journal)
Ali, B., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2007. 28-Homobrassinolide ameliorates the saline stress in chickpea (CicerarietinumL.). Environtal and Experimental Botany, 59: 33-41. (Journal)
Alscher, R.G., Erturk, N. and Heath, L.S. 2002. Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53: 1331-1341. (Journal)
Bajguz, A. and Hayat, S. 2009. Effects of brassinosteroids on the plant responses to environmental stresses. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 47: 1-8. (Journal)
Bistgani, Z.E., Hashemi, M., DaCosta, M., Craker, L., Maggi, F. and Morshedloo, M.R. 2019. Effect of salinity stress on the physiological characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensisCelak. Industrial Crops and Products, 135: 311-320. (Journal)
Çoban, Ö. and Baydar, N.G. 2016. Brassinosteroid effects on some physical and biochemical properties and secondary metabolite accumulation in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under salt stress. Industrial Crops and Products, 86: 251-258. (Journal)
Cordovilla, M.P., Bueno, M., Aparicio, C. and Urrestarazu, M. 2014. Effects of salinity and theinteraction between Thymus vulgaris and Lavandulaangustifolia on growth, ethyleneproduction and essential oil contents. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(6): 875-888. (Journal)
Croser, C., Renault, S., Franklin, J. and Zwiazek, J. 2001. The effect of salinity on theemergence and seedling growth of Piceamariana, Piceaglauca, and Pinusbanksiana. Environmental Pollution, 115: 9-16. (Journal)
Cukor, J., Rasakova, N.M., Linda, R., Linhart, L., Gutsch, M.R. and Kuneð, I. 2018. Effects ofbrassinosteroid application on seed germination of scots pine under standard and heat stressconditions. Baltic Forestry, 24(1): 60-67.(Journal)
Dkhil, BB. and Denden, M. 2010. Salt stress induced changes in germination, sugars, starch and enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism in Abelmoschusesculentus (L.) Moench seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 1412-1418. (Journal)
Farzana, S., Cheung, S.G., Zhou, H.C. and Tam, N.F.Y. 2019. Growth and antioxidative response of two mangrove plants to interaction between aquaculture effluent and bde-99. Science of The Total Environment, 662: 796-804. (Journal)
Goel, A., Goel, A.K. and Sheoran, I.S. 2003. Changes in oxidative stressenzymesduring artificial aging in cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160:1093–1100. (Journal)
Gong, H., Zhu, X., Chen, K., Wang, S. and Zhang, C. 2005. Silicon alleviates oxidativedamageof wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science, 169: 313-321. (Journal)
Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpaslan, M., Eraslan, F., Bagci, E.G. and Cicek, N. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.) grown under salinity, Journal of Plant Physiology, 164(6): 728-736. (Journal)
HamdyRobya, M.H., Sarhana, M.A., Selima, K.A.H. and Khalela, K.I. 2013. Evaluation ofantioxidant activity, total phenols and phenolic compounds in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), and marjoram (Origanummajorana L.) extracts. Industrial CropsandProducts, 43: 827-831. (Journal)
Hayat, S., Ali, B. and Ahmad, A. 2006. Response of Brassica junceato 28- homobrassinolidegrown from the seeds exposed to salt stress. Jounal of Plant Biology, 33: 169-174.(Journal)
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125(1): 189-198. (Journal)
Hu, H., Liu, H. and Liu, F. 2018. Seed germination of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivarsresponds differently to the stress of salt type and concentration. Industrial Crops andProducts, 123: 254-261. (Journal)
Irigoyen J.J., Emerich D.W. and Sanchez-Dias, M. 1992. Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) plants. Plant Physiology, 84: 55-60. (Journal)
 
 
Khalid, H., Kumari, M., Grover, A. and Nasim, M. 2015. Salinity stress tolerance of Camelina investigated in vitro. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, 46(4):137-144. (Journal)
Krishna, P. 2003. Brassinosteroid-mediated stress resistance. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 265–275. (Journal)
Leubner-Metzger, G. 2001. Brassinosteroids and gibberellins promote tobacco seed germination by distinct pathway. Planta, 213: 758–763. (Journal)
Lokhande, V.H., Srivastava, S., Patade, V.Y., Dwivedi, S., Tripathi, R.D., Nikam, T.D. and Suprasanna, P. 2011. Investigation of arsenic accumulation and tolerance potential of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Chemosphere, 82(4): 529-534. (Journal)
Mahesh, K., Balaraju, P., Ramakrishna, B. and Rao, S.S.R. 2013. Effect of brassinosteroids on germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under PEG-6000 induced water stress. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4: 2305-2313. (Journal)
Manconi, M., Petretto, G., D’hallewin, G., Escribano, E., Milia, E., Pinna, R., Palmieri, A., Firoznezhad, M., Peris, J.E., Usach, I. and Fadda, A.M. 2018. Thymus essential oil extraction, characterization and incorporation in phospholipid vesicles for the antioxidant/antibacterial treatment of oral cavity diseases. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 171: 115-122. (Journal)
Miraj, S. and Kiani, S. 2016. Study of pharmacological effect of Thymus vulgaris: A review. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 8: 315-320. (Journal)
Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany Botanical Taxon-omy Latin–English–French–Germany–Persian/Complied.FarahangMoaser, Tehran, pp. 522. (Book)
Nadjafi, F., Bannayan, M., Tabrizi, L. and Rastgoo, M. 2006. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environments, 64: 542-547. (Journal)
Najafian, S., Khoshkhui, M., Tavallali, V. and Saharkhiz, M.J. 2009. Effect of salicylic acid and salinity in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.): Investigation on changes in gas exchange, water relations, and membrane stabilization and biomass accumulation. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(3): 2620-2626. (Journal)
Nickavar, B., Mojab, F. and Dolat-Abadi, R. 2005. Analysis of the essential oils of two Thymus species from Iran. Food Chemistry, 90:609-611. (Journal)
Nunez, M., Mazzafera, P., Mazorra, L., Siqueira W. and Zullo, M. 2003. Influence of a brassinosteroid analogue on antioxidant enzymes in rice grown in culture medium with NaCl. Biologia Plantarum, 47: 67-70. (Journal)
Piovan, M.J., Zapperi, G.M. and Pratolongo, P.D. 2014. Seed germination of Atriplexundulata under saline and alkaline conditions. Seed Science and Technology, 42: 286-292. (Journal)
Qu, X.X., Huang, Z.Y., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. 2008. Effect of temperature, light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the geographically-widespread halophyte shrub Halocnemumstrobilaceum. Annals of Botany, 101: 293-299. (Journal)
Rasouli, M., Hatamzadeh, A., Ghasemnezhad, M. and SamizadehLahiji, H. 2017. The increase of salinity tolerance in three turf grass species using trinexapac-ethyl. Nova Biologica Reperta, 4(1): 29-38. (In Persian)(Journal)
Salehi, M., Fotouhi-Ghazvini, R. and Jafarian, V. 2012. Evaluation of exogenous ascorbic acid application as a protective agent against simulated acid rain in Persian maple (Acervelutinum Boiss). Environmental and Experimental Botany, 7: 413-420. (Journal)
Sasse, J.M. 2003. Physiological actions of brassinosteroids: an update. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 22: 276-288. (Journal)
Sharma, I., Ching, E., Saini, S., Bhardwaj, R. and Pati, P.K. 2013. Exogenous application of brassinosteroid offers tolerance to salinity by altering stress responses in rice variety Pusa Basmati-1. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 69:17–26. (Journal)
Sharma, S.S. and Dietz, K.J. 2009. The relationship between metal toxicity and cellular redox imbalance. Trends Plant Science, 14:43–50. (Journal)
Silva, N.C., De Souza G.A., Pimenta T.M., Brito FA., Picoli E.A., Zsogon, A. and Ribeiro, D.M. 2018. Salt stress inhibits germination of Stylosanthes humilis seeds through abscisic acid accumulation and associated changes in ethylene production. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 130: 399-407. (Journal)
 
 
Verma, S., Verma, R., Verma, S., Yadav, A. and Verma, A. 2018. Impact of salt stress on plant establishment, chlorophyll and total free amino acid content of ber (ZizyphusmauritianaLamk.) cultivars. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7:556-559. (Journal)
Yao, Z., Liu, L., Gao, F. and Rampitschi, C. 2012. Development and seed aging mediated regulation of antioxidative genes and differential expression of proteins during pre and post-germinative phases in pea. Journal of Plant Physiology, 169: 1477-1488. (Journal)
Zafari, M., Ebadi, A., Jahanbakhsh, S. and Sedghi, M. 2017. The effect of brassinosteroide on germination parameters of mother seeds of safflower under drought tension. Crop Physiology Journal, 9(33): 5-17. (In Persian)(Journal)
Zehtabsalmasi, S. 2008. The effect of salinity on seed germination and pre-treatment of Germanchamomile. Research and Agriculture, 2(2): 28-30. (In Persian)(Journal)
Zhong, W., Xie, C., Hu, D., Pu, S., Xiong, X., Ma, J., Sun, L., Huang, Z., Jiang, M. and Li, X. 2020. Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on reactive oxygen species and antioxidative defense systems in tall fescue plants under lead stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 187: 109831. (Journal)
Zia, A., Rezanejad, F. and Safarnejad, A. 2010. In vitro selection for NaCl tolerance in Thymus vulgaris L. Journal of Cell and Molecular Research, 2(2):86-92. (Journal)
Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research
Volume 8, Issue 1
April 2021
Pages 63-76

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics