Nutritional assessment of micronutrients on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of amaranth seed production (Koniz)

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the best amount and timing of fertilizer micro zinc, iron and manganese on yield and seed quality is produced by Amaranth. Field experiments for combined analysis factorial randomized complete block design with three replications in two years (2014-2015) were conducted at the research station of Islamic Azad University of Malekan. The factors included micro fertilizers (iron, zinc and manganese), four different concentrations (7, 5, 3 per thousand and zero or non-use) and three stages (vegetative, reproductive and vegetative + reproductive + grain filling) was considered. The results showed that the highest number of seeds and grain yield (respectively 4460 number 17/99 gr/crop) were obtained using an iron concentration of 7 per thousand. Grain yield increase of 29/24 percent than control. The highest protein content was obtained by foliar application 7 per thousand micronutrients. Maximum panicle was 3/042 number by foliar application 7 per thousand on three phases. Maximum chlorophyll content (32/1 CCI) by application iron with 5 per thousand concentration. The maximum oil grain and oil yield, respectively (33/59%) and (6/083 gr/crop) if foliar application with zinc 7 per thousand concentrations were obtained. Based on the results of traits for fertilizer micro traits can be stated that maximum of the grain, grain yield, oil content and oil yield was achieved by foliar application 7 per thousand element and 7 per thousand micro elements concentration of protein content increased.

Keywords


Ajibola, O. S.E Fasina, and K.A .Adeeko.1990. Mechanical expression of oil from melon seeds. J.
Akay, A. 2011. The effect of fertilizer application with Zinc on yield and some yield components of chickpea varieties. Proc 18th, World Cong. of Soil Sci., July 9 – 15, Philadelphid, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alloway, B. J., 2004. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. International Zinc Association (IZA), Belgium, PP: 128.
Babaeian, M., Y. Esmaeilian, .Tavassoli and A. Asgharzade. 2012. Efficacy of different iron, zinc and magnesium fertilizers on yield and yield components of barley. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 6(28). 5754-5756. (In Persian) (Journal)
Bakry, A.B., Elewa, T.A. and Ali, O.A.M. 2012. Effect of Fe foliar application on yield and quality traits of some flax varieties grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 6(7): 532-536. (Journal)
Barbers S. A. 1995. Soil Nutrient Bioavailability: A Mechanistic Approach, Second Edition. New York: John Wiley Pub.
Bergman, W, 1992. Nutritional Disorders of Plants-Development, Visual and Analytical Diagnosis. Gustav Fischer Vela, Jena, Stuttgart, New York.
Borneo, R, and A. Aguirre. 2008. Chemical composition, cooking quality, and consumer acceptance of pasta made with dried amaranth leaves flour. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 41: 1748–1751.  (Journal)
Condes, M. C., A. A. Scilingo, M. C. Akon. 2009. Characterization of amaranth proteins modified by trypsin proteolysis. Structural and functional changes. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 42: 963–970. (Journal)
Cui, D., M. Li, and Q. Zhang. 2009. Development of an optical sensor for crop leaf chlorophyll content detection. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 69: 171–176.
Ebrahim, M. K. H. and M. M. Aly. 2004. Physiological Response of Wheat to Foliar Application of Zinc and Inoculation with some Bacterial Fertilizers. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(10): 1859-1874. (Journal)
Ebrahimi, M., A. Naderi, M.R. Khajehpour and B. Najdenassiri. 2011. Effects of water Stress and zinc fertiliser on yield components, seed and oil yields of a sunflower hybrid, Alestar. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research. 7: 994-1000. (Journal)
Ebrahimian, E. A. Bybordi and B. PasbanEslam. 2012. Efficiency of zinc and iron application methods on sunflower. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment.8 (3and4): 783-789.
Eichert, T., J. J. Peguero-Pina, E. Gil-Pelegrín, A. Heredia and V. Fernández. 2005. Effects of iron chlorosis and iron resupply on leaf xylem architecture, water relations, gas exchange and stomatal performance of field-grown peach (Prunuspersica (L.) Batsch.
Fernandez, V, and G. Ebert. 2005. Foliar iron fertilization-a critical review. J. Plant Nutr. 28: 2113–2124. (Journal)
Fournier, C. and Andrieu, B. 2000. Dynamics of the Elongation of Internodes in Maize (Zea mays L.): Analysis of Phases of Elongation and their Relationships to Phytomer Development. Annals of Botany. 86: 551-563. (Journal)
Gimplinger, D. M., G. S. Erley, G. Dobosc, and H. P. Kaul. 2008. Optimum crop densities for potential yield and harvestable yield of grain amaranth are conflicting. Europ. J. Agronomy. 28: 119–125. (Journal)
Graham, R.D. and Z. Rengel, 1993. Genotypic Variation in Zinc Uptake and Utilization by Plants, in Zinc in Soils and Plants, Eds., Robson A.D., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp: 107-118.
Graham, R. D. 1984. Breeding for nutritional characteristics in cereals. Adv. Plant Nutr 1:57-102.
Gruhn, P., F. Goletti, and M. Yudelman. 2000. Integrated nutrient management, soil fertility, and sustainable agriculture: current issues and future challenges. International Food Policy Research Institute. Washington, DC. USA.
Jin, C. W., S. Ting Du, I. HaiderShamsi, B. Fang Luo and X. Yong Lin. 2011. NO synthase-generated NO acts downstream of auxin in regulating Fe-deficiency-induced root branching that enhances Fe-deficiency tolerance in tomato plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, Page 1 of 10.
 
KazemiPoshtmasari, H., M. A. Bahmanyar., H. Pirdasht., M. A. Ahmadi shad. 2008. Effects of Zn rates and application forms on protein and some micronutrients accumulation in common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Asian Journal of Biological Science. 11: 1042-1046. (In Persian) (Journal)
Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral nutrition of higher plants, 2nd edn. Academic, Boston
Mulvaney, X.T. and W.L. Banwart. 1990. Rapid method for total nitrogrn analysis using microwave digestion.soil sci.soc.Am.J. 54:1625-1629. (Journal)
Pirzad, A. and F. Shokrani. 2012. Effects of iron application on growth characters and flower yield of Calendula officinalis L. under water stress. World Applied Sciences Journal. 18 (9): 1203-1208. (Journal)
Plate, A. Y. A. and J. A. G. Areas. 2002. Cholesterol-lowering effect of extruded amaranth (Amaranthuscaudatus L.) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Food Chemistry. 76: 1–6.
Potarzycki, J. and W. Grzebisz. 2009. Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant Soil Environ. 55 (12): 519–527. (Journal)
Rashid, A, and J. Ryan. 2004. Micronutrient Constraints to Crop Production in Soils with Mediterranean-type Characteristics: A Review. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 27(6):959 -975. (Journal)
Swietlik, D. 2002. Zinc nutrition of fruit trees by foliar sprays. Acta Hort. 594: 121-134. (Journal)
Thalooth, A. T., Tawfik, M. M. and Magda Mohamed, H. 2006. A Comparative Study on the Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc, Potassium and Magnesium on Growth, Yield and Some Chemical Constituents of Mungbean Plants Grown under Water Stress Conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2 (1): 37-46. (Journal)
Torun. B., A. Yazici, I. Gultekin, and I. Cakmak. 2003. Influence of gyttja on shoot growth and shoot concentrations on zinc and boron of wheat cultivars grown on zinc deficient and boron toxic soil. J. Plant Nutr. 26: 869-881. (Journal)
Yarnia, M., E. Farajzadeh., V.Ahmadzadeh and S.Khosravifar. 2011. Physiology crop yield.Islamic Azad University of Tabriz.458page.
Walling A., Householder M, Walling A. 1989. Acrodermatitis enteropathica. Am Fam Physician 39:151–154. (Journal)
Zeidan, M.S., Manal F. Mohamed and H.A. Hamouda. 2010. Effect of foliar fertilization of Fe, Mn and Zn on wheat yield and quality in low sandy soils fertility. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 6 (6): 696-699. (Journal)