Abdel- Fatth, A.F. and Edress, M. 1971. Chemical investigation on some constituents of pigmented onion skins. Journal of food Sciences Agriculture. 22 (6):298-300. (Journal)
Bednorz, L., KrzymiĆska, A. and Czarna, A. 2011. Seed Morphology and testa sculptures of some Allium L.species (Alliaceae). Acta Agrobotanica. 64 (2): 33–38. (Journal)
Cheshmedziev, I. 1997. Morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds in Alliaceae. Phytologia Balcanica. 3: 47–56. (Journal)
Davis, P.H.1965-1988. Flora of Turkey vols 1-10 .Edinburgh university Press England.
Ghahreman, A. 2001-2008. Flora of Iran vols 1-26. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
FAO/BIOVERSITY MULTI-CROP PASSPORT DESCRIPTORS V.2 June 2012.
Fritsch, R.M. and Friesen, N. 2002. Evaluation, domestication and taxonomy In: Rabinowith HD and Currah L. (eds), Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. CABI publishing. 5-30.
Fritsch, R. M. and Maroofi, H. 2010. New species and new records of
Allium L. (Alliaceae) from Iran.
Phyton (Horn), 50 (1): 1–26.
(Journal)
Fritsch, R. M. and M. Abbasi. 2013. A Taxonomic Review of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum in Iran. 244pp.
IPGRI, ECP/GR, AVRDC. 2001. Descriptors for Allium (Allium spp.). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy; European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Networks (ECP/GR), Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan..
Hanlet, P. 1990. Taxonomy, evolution, and history. In: Rabinos witch HD,Brewster JL (eds) Onions and allied crops .Vol.1.CRCpress,Boca Raton, Florida.1-26pp.
Hanelt, P. 2001. Alliaceae. Pp. 2250–2269 in Mansfeld’s encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (accepts ornamentals), ed. P. Hanelt. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
Martin, K. and Paddy, C. 1994. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. Wiley, 384 pages
Mathew, M. and Brian, B. 1987. The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford,
ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8 , p. 130.
Nekounam, F. Fattahi Moghadam, M. R. Zamani, Z. and Moridi, M. 2016. Flower bud morphogenesis and effects of exogenous GA3 application on development of flower components in two Iranian commercial apricots. Journal of Plant Researches, 28(4): 895-906. (In Farsi)
Neshati, F. and Fritsch, R. M. 2009. Seed characters and testa sculptures of some Iranian
Allium L. species (Alliaceae).
Feddes Repertorium, 120(5-6): 322–332.
Shamili, M. and Kashi, A.k. A. 2007. Study effect of plant density, and planting time on vegetative, and reproductive traits of Tareh Irani (Allium ampeloprasum). Iranian Journal of Agriculture Sciences, 38(2): 251-256. (In Farsi)
Rechinger, K.H. 1963-1986. Flora Iranica vols 1-171. Akademische Druck. u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz-Austria.
US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, USDA. 2006 National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Nutrient Laboratory Home Page http;//www.nol.gov/fnic/foodcomp/cgi-bin.