Study of some ecological requirements for germination of red morning glory (Ipomoea coccinea L.): a newly emerging plant on the edge of fields in Golestan province

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 MSc graduated student in Agrotechnology-Weed Science, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Statistics University of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran.

10.22124/jms.2025.9440

Abstract

Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.) is not currently widely distributed in Iran; however, reports indicate that this species is capable of developing its infection in a short time and becoming a harmful species. Given that the seeds in the soil seed bank have different ages, studying the germination behavior of seeds with different ages under the influence of environmental factors will be very interesting and useful in designing management programs. Therefore, in this study, red morning glory seeds were collected from the edge of the fields of Kordkoy County, Golestan Province in late November of 2018, 2019, and 2020 and were stored at room temperature (25°C) until the start of the experiment. It should be noted that at the time of the experiment, the seeds collected from 2018 and 2019 were 15 and 3 mounths after ripped, respectively. The seeds from 2019 were also tested immediately after harvest. In this study, the effect of different environmental conditions, including constant and alternating temperature, high temperature (50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 120 °C for five minutes), water stress (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, and -1 MPa using polyethylene glycol 6000) and salinity (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, -1.5, and -1.8 MPa using sodium chloride salt) on the germination of the three populations were investigated. A segmented model was used to determine the cardinal germination temperatures. Germination of red morningglory started at 10°C and increased to 35°C. The base temperature for germination of this plant was from 7.57 to 8.37 °C depending on the population. The optimum germination temperature of red morningglory also fluctuated from 27.11 to 30.69 oC. Germination of red morningglory was similar under alternating and constant temperature conditions. The water potential required to reduce germination by 50% in the 2018 (15 month after ripen seeds), 2019 (3 month after ripen seeds) and 2020 (fresh seeds) populations was -0.48, -0.57 and -0.54 MPa, respectively. The tolerance of this species to salinity stress was higher than that of water stress, and potentials of -0.99 to -1.34 MPa reduced its maximum germination by 50%. Increasing the temperature to 80°C removed the seed dormancy of the red morningglory, but at temperatures of 100 and 120°C, the percentage of dead seeds increased. In general, the results of this study showed that the reaction of red morningglory germination to environmental factors is different, and knowing the germination response of this species against the mentioned factors can help predict the germination and emergence of this plant to design suitable management strategies.

Keywords

References

Akbari‐Gelvardi, A., Siahmarguee, A., Ghaderi‐Far, F. and Gherekhloo, J. 2021. The effect of environmental and management factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa L.). Weed Research, 61(5), 350-359. (Journal)
Anonymous. 2020b. Ipomoea coccinea L., http://www.plantsofthe worldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:268659-1 [accessed on 28 October 2020].
Asami, H. 2022. Effects of differences in biological characteristics between Ipomoea coccinea and I. lacunosa on control of new selective post-emergence herbicides. Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 67(3), 129-136. (Journal)
Ashraf, M., Sadat Asilan, K., Golzardi, F., Nazari, S. and Salehi, R. 2016. Effect of Flooding, Acidity and High Temperatures on Seed Germination and Durability of Common Purslane. Iranian Journal of Seed Reserch, 2(2), 15-27. (In Persian) (Journal)
Austin, D.F. 1977. Hybrid polypoids in Ipomoea section batatus. Journal of Heredity, 68: 259-260. (Journal)
Barker, M.A., Thompson, L. and Godley, F.M. 1984. Control of annual morningglories (Ipomoea spp.) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Science, 32, 813–818. (Journal)
Bittencourt, H.V.H. and Bonome, L.T.D.S. 2016. Seed germination and emergence of Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. in response to environmental factors. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56(1), 32-38. (Journal)
Boguzas, V., Marcinkeviciene, A., and Kairyte, A. 2004. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of weed seed bank in organic farming. Agronomy Researsh, 2, 13-22. (Journal)
CABI (2020) Ipomoea coccinea (red morningglory). https://www.cabi. Org/isc/datasheet/114966#to distribution Database Table [accessed on 12 August 2020].
Cao,  S.,  Guzza,  R.C.,  Wisse,  J.H.,  Miller,  J.S.,  Evans,  R.  and Kingston, D.G.I.  2005. Ipomoeassins A-E, cytotoxic macrocyclic glicoresins from the leaves of Ipomoea squamosa from the Suriname rainforest. Journal of Natural Products, 68, 487-492. (Journal)
Chauhan, B.S. and Abugho, S.B. 2012. Threelobe morning-glory (Ipomoea triloba) germination and emergence response to herbicides. Weed Science, 60(2), 199-204. (Journal)
Culpepper, A.S., Gimenez, A.E., York, A.C., Batts, R.B. and Wilcut, J.W. 2001. Morning-glory (Ipomoea spp.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control with glyphosate and 2,4-DB mixtures in glyphosate-resistant soybean (Glycine max). Weed Technology, 15(1), 56-61. (Journal)
Dehghan, S., Siahmarguee, A., Ghaderi-Far, F. and Azimmohseni, M. 2023. Germination and emergence response of white morning glory (Ipomoea lacunose L.) to some environmental factors.  Iranian Journal of Weed Science. 19(1), 69-89. (In Persian) (Journal)
Ekeke, C., Nichodemus, C.O. and Ogazie, C.A. 2021. Morphological and Anatomical Studies on Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae): A New Record from Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research in Botany. 6(1): 1-8. (Journal)
Fathi, Gh.A., Hesami, E.A. and Ardalan, N. 2015. Effect of salinity and water stress on seed germination of Malva neglecta, Echinochloa crus-gali and Sorghum halepense in seed deterioration conditions. Journal of Weed Ecology, 3(2): 63-79. (In Persian) (Journal)
Gehan Jayasuriya, K.M.G., Baskin, J.M., Geneve R.L. and Baskin, C.C. 2007. Morphology and anatomy of physical dormancy in Ipomoea lacunosa: identification of the water gap in seeds of Convolvulaceae (Solanales). Annals Botany. 100(1): 13-22. (Journal)
Ghaderifar, F., Alimagham, S.M., Rezaei moghadam, H. and Haghighi, M. 2012. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rye (Secale cereale L.) as a volunteer plant in wheat fields. Journal of Crop Production. 5: 121-133. (In Persian) (Journal)
Howe, O.W. and Oliver, L.R. 1987. Influence of soybean (Glycine max) row spacing on pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) interference. Weed Science. 35, 185–193. (Journal)
Jones, Curtis A. 2006. Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.) biology and management in sugarcane. LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 736.
Jones, E.A.L., Contreras, D.J. and Everman, W.J. 2021. Biology and Management of Problematic Crop Weed Species. Academic press.415p.(Book)
Kurokawa, S., Hajika, M. and Shibuya, T.  2015. Canopy height to row spacing ratio as a simple and practical onsite index to determine the time for terminating Ipomoea coccinea control in the Japanese soybean growing systems. Weed Biology and Management, 15, 113–121. (Journal)
Lachman, J., Dudjak, J., Orsak, M. and Pivec, V. 2003. Effect of accelerated aging test on the content and composition of polyphenolic complex of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. Plant Soil Environment, 94, 1-7. (Journal)
Liu, K., Baskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C, Bu, H., Du, G. and Ma, M. 2013. Effect of diurnal fluctuating versus constant temperatures on germination of 445 species from the Eastern Tibet Plateau. PLoS One, 8(7): 1-10. (Journal)
Mamashli, S., Siahmarguee, A. and Ghaderi-Far, F. 2025. Seed persistence of Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscose L.) in the soil seed bank. Iranian Plant Protection Research, 67(2):1-21. (In Persian) (Journal)
Masin, R., Onofri, A., Gasparini, V. and Zanin, G. 2017. Can alternating temperatures be used to estimate base temperature for seed germination? Weed Research, 57: 390–398. (Journal)
 
Meira, M., Silva, E.P.D., David, J.M. and David, J.P. 2012. Review of the genus Ipomoea: Traditional uses, chemistry and biological activities. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 22(3):682-713. (Journal)
Michel, B.E. and Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, 51: 914–916. (Journal)
Michel, B.E. and Radcliffe, D. 1995. A computer program relating solute potential to solution composition for five solutes. Agronomy Journal, 87:126-130. (Journal)
Nazariyan, Z., Siahmarguee, A., and Ghaderifar, F. 2016. Germination response study of tall morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea ((L.) Roth.), an invasive weed, to temperature and water potential. Weed Research Journal, 8(1): 59-71.  (In Persian) (Journal)
Oliveria, M.J. and Norsworthy, J.K. 2006. Pitted morning-glory (Ipomoea lalacunosa) germination and emergence as affected by environmental factors and seeding depth. Weed Science, 54(50): 910-916. (Journal)
Onen, H., Ozaslan, C., Farooq, S., and Jones, C.A. 2021. Ipomoea coccinea L. (Convolvulaceae): a new introduced alien plant species in turkey. Bulletin OEPP Eppo Bulletin, 21(1): 207-212. (Journal)
Oskouei, B. and Sheidaei, S. (2017). Seed deterioration. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research, 4(3), 125-143. (In Persian) (Journal)
Pagnoncelli, F.B, Trezzi, M.M, Brum, B., Vidal, R.A., Portes, Á.F. and Scalcon, E.L. 2017. Morning-glory species interference on the development and yield of soybeans. Bragantia, 76(4): 470-479. (Journal)
Pahlavani, A.H. and Sajedi, S. 2011. Alerting occurrence of several noxious weeds and invasive plants in arable lands in Iran. Rostaniha, 12(2): 129-134. (In Persian) (Journal)
Pereda-Miranda, R., and Bah, M.  2003.  Biodynamic constituents in the Mexican morning glories:  purgative remedies transcending boundaries.  Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 3:  111-131. (Journal)
Rashid, A., Sanogo, S., Lehnhoff, E.A., Beck, L. and Schutte, B.J. 2025. Soil pH is an underappreciated influence on germination- and microbial-based methods for reducing weed seedbanks in croplands. Weed Research, 65(1): e70002. (Journal)
Rehman, S., Harris, P.J.C. and Bourne. F.W. 1999. Effect of artificial ageing on the germination, ion leakage and salinity tolerance of Acacia tortilis and A. coriacea seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 27: 141-149. (Journal)
 Rizzardi,  M.A.,  Luiz, A.R.,  Roman, E.S. and Vargas, L. 2009. Effect of Cardinal Temperature and Water Potential on Morning Glory (Ipomoea triloba) Seed Germination. Planta Daninha, 27(1):13-21. (Journal)
Sarani, H., Izadi, E., Ghanbari, A. and Rahemi. A. 2019. Effect of temperature and light on germination characteristics of Japanese morning-glory (Ipomoea nil): determination of cardinal temperatures of germination. Iranian Journal of Seed Reserch, 6(1): 115-127. (In Persian) (Journal)
Savić, A., Ringselle, B., Barroso-Bergadà, D., Bohan, D.A. and Bergkvist, G. 2025. Burial depth and temperature effects on the germination and viability of Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) seeds. Weed Reserch, 65(1): e70004. (Journal)
Sharafi, Z., Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy, S.A. and Heidarzadeh, A. 2021.  Investigation on accelerated aging on quantitative and qualitative traits of Malva neglecta wallr. Portulaca oleracea L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Reserch, 7(4): 405-416. (In Persian) (Journal)
Siahmarguee, A. Ghaderifar, F., Gherekhloo, J., Akbari Gelvardi, A. and Gorgani, M. 2022. Estimating the cardinal temperatures of germination for Ipomoea hederaceae and Cleome viscosa at constant and alternating temperature conditions. Iranian Journal of Seed Reserch, 9(1): 93-110. (In Persian) (Journal)
Siahmarguee, A., Gorgani, M., Ghaderi-far, F. and Asgarpour, R. 2020. Germination ecology of Ivy-Leaved morning-Glory: An invasive weed in soybean fields, Iran. Planta Daninha, 38: e020196227. (Journal)
Siahmarguee, A., Taheri, M., Ghaderi-far, F. and Torabi, B. 2022. Germination ecology of invasive common morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea L.) in Golestan province. Journal of Plant Production, 29(2): 221-240. (In Persian) (Journal)
 
Singh, M., Ramirez, A.H.M., Sharma, S.D. and Jhala, A.J. 2012. Factors affecting the germination of tall morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea). Weed Science, 60: 64–68. (Journal)
Soltani, A., Galeshi, S., Zeinali, E. and Latifi, N. 2002. Germination, seed reserve utilization and seeding growth of chickpea as affected salinity and seed size. Seed Science and Technology, 30: 51-60. (Journal)
Soltani, E., Ghaderi-Far, F., Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. 2015. Problems with using mean germination time to calculate rate of seed germination. Australian Journal of Botany, 63: 631-635. (Journal)
Staples, GW.and Yang, S.Z. 1998. Convolvulaceae in: editorial committee of the flora of Taiwan, 2nd. ed., Flora of Taiwan, 4:341-384. (Journal)
Talaee, M., Rezvani, M., Radmard, M. and Sindel, B.M. 2024. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson and A. hybridus L. Weed Research, 64(1), 31-41. (Journal)
Tanveer, A., Khan, M.A., Ali, H.H., Javaid, M.M., Raza, A. and Chauhan, B.S. 2020. Influence of different environmental factors on the germination and seedling emergence of Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Crop Protection, 130, 105070. (Journal)
Thakar, C. and Singh, H.N. 1954. Nilkalamine (Ipomoea hederacea), a menace to sugarcane. Indian Fmg, 3(10): 12–13. (Journal)
Tolloo Hafezian Awal, M., Ghaderi-Far, F., Sadeghipour, H.R.  Siamarguee, A., Fadaee, F. and Torabi, B. 2019. Determination of seed dormancy of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn. seeds: effects of afterripening and gibberellic acid treatments at different temperatures. Crop Production, 12(2): 171-186. (In Persian)  (Journal)
Travlos I., de Prado, R., Chachalis, D. and Bilalis, D.J. 2020. Herbicide resistance in weeds: early detection, mechanisms, dispersal, new insights and management issues. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 8:213. (Journal)
USDA, NRCS. 2020. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1, National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. http://plants.usda.gov/ (February 25, 2011).
Viator, B.J., Griffin, J.L. and Ellis, J.M.  2002.  Red Morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea) Control with Sulfentrazone and Azafeniden. Weed Technology, 2002. 16:142–148. (Journal)
Yuan, G., Gao, Y., Fang, F., Shen, G. and Tian, T. 2025. Environmental influences on seed germination and seedling emergence in four Echinochloa taxa. Agronomy, 15(2):1-9.  (Journal)
Zhang, P.,  Yuan, X., Wang, X., Wang, H., Li, S. and Zhou, L. 2025. Effects of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Tausch’s goat grass (Aegilops tauschii Coss.).  Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 85(2):206-214. (Journal)
Zhang, Z., Xue, J., Gu, T., Wang, H. and Chauhan, B.S. 2024. Effect of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) in China. Weed Science, 72(6):754-760. (Journal)
Zinati, L., Siahmarguee, A., Ghaderifar, F., Yones Abadi, M. and Chauhan, B.S. 2023. Effect of stress due to high temperatures and burial depth on seed fate of different species of Amaranthus weed. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 10(1): 91-111. (In Persian) (Journal)
Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research
Volume 12, Issue 2
July 2025
Pages 69-86

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics