The role of application time and concentration of tribenuron-methyl in seed responses shaping: Decoding resistance and sensitivity mechanisms in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) through biochemical and physiological indicators

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Student, Weed Science, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

3 Plant Protection Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Ardabil Province (Moghan), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Moghan, Iran

4 . Ph.D. Student, Weed Science, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran

10.22124/jms.2025.9384

Abstract

In order to evaluate the sensitive and resistant biotypes of wild mustard weed to the herbicide tribenuron-methyl, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2013. The first factor was the wild mustard biotype at 2 levels (resistant and sensitive), the second factor was the time of herbicide application at 2 levels (seed coat cracking and seed germination stage), and the third factor was the herbicide tribenuron-methyl (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 3 g.ha-1). The results showed that the triple interaction of the factors on the indices of chlorophyll a and b, malondialdehyde, seedling growth, and development was significant (p<0.01). In the resistant biotype, herbicide application at the seed coat cracking stage with 15 g in growth resulted in a 185% increase in chlorophyll and growth ratio, whereas at the tillering stage, 30 g showed a 53% reduction in these indices. Malondialdehyde levels in the resistant biotype at the germination stage without herbicide increased unexpectedly, probably indicating the activation of defense mechanisms. In contrast, the sensitive biotype at high levels (20-30 g.ha-1) showed a 153% increase in chlorophyll and growth, probably due to a failed stress response. Interestingly, the resistant biotype also produced better root growth than the sensitive biotype in the absence of herbicide, indicating that there was no cost to resistance. These findings support the idea that in wild mustard, they can be accompanied by compensatory mechanisms and provide a competitive advantage even in the absence of herbicides. Therefore, integrated management based on the rotation of herbicides with different mechanisms of action and their use according to the plant growth stage is necessary to prevent the spread of resistant populations. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of resistance and ecological consequences that can be used in the design of sustainable weed control strategies.

Keywords

References

Alizadeh, M. R., Smith, J. A., Johnson, B. K. and Williams, C. D. 2023. Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll content in weed species: A standardized protocol. Journal of Plant Physiology, 285, pp.153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153762 (Journal)
Baena-González, E. and Sheen, J. 2008. Convergent energy and stress signaling.
Trends in Plant Science, 13(9), 474-482. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.06.006 (Journal)
Bailey-Serres, J. and Voesenek, L. A. C. J. 2008. Flooding stress: acclimations and genetic diversity. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 313-339. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092752. (Journal)
Beckie, H. J., Heap, I. M., Smeda, R. J. and Hall, L. M. 2012. Herbicide Resistance in Plants: Biology and Mechanisms. CRC Press.
Beyzavi, Z., Ebrahimie, E. and Niazi, A. 2020. Comparative analysis of chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency in sensitive (Marivan) and resistant (Zaghe) wheat genotypes under stress conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 245, 153-294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153294 (Journal)
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), pp.248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 (Journal)
Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72(1-2), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3 (Journal)
Cha-Um, S. and Kirdmanee, C. 2009. Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation, photosynthetic ability, and growth characters in two maize cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(1), 87-98. (Journal)
Cho, Y. H., Hong, J. W., Kim, E. C. and Yoo, S. D. 2012. Energy signaling in the regulation of plant responses to stress. Journal of Plant Biology, 55(5), 341-349. DOI: 10.1007/s12374-012-0046-5 (Journal)
Dayan, F. E. and Duke, S. O. 2024. Advances in Herbicide Resistance Research. Springer. (Book)
 
Demiral, T., and Türkan, İ. 2005. Comparative lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense systems and proline content in roots of two rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance.
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53(3), 247-257. DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.03.017 (Journal)
Dewez, D., Geoffroy, L., Vernet, G. and Popovic, R. 2005. Hydrogen peroxide production by the photosystem II light-induced reactions in the presence of herbicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 81(1), 44-54. DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.09.002 (Journal)
Farhodi, M. 2012. The effect of salinity stress on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(2), 245-256. (Journal)
Farmer, E. E. and Mueller, M. J. 2013. ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation and RES-activated signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 64, 429-450. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120132 (Journal)
Feder, M. E. 2006. Integrative biology of stress in molecular, cellular, and organismal function. In: D.L. Denlinger (Ed.), Stress Physiology in Animals. Taylor and Francis, 1-21.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M. H. M. B., Parvin, K., Bhuiyan, T. F., Anee, T. I., Nahar, K. and Fujita, M. 2023. Antioxidant Regulation in Plants Under Herbicide Stress: Mechanisms and Implications. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 192, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.05.014 (Journal)
Hasanuzzaman, M., Bhuyan, M. H. M. B., Zulfiqar, F., Raza, A., Mohsin, S. M., Mahmud, J. A., Fujita, M. and Fotopoulos, V. 2020. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: Revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator. Antioxidants, 9(8), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080681 (Journal)
Heap, I. 2024. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available online: www.weedscience.org. (Journal)
Heath, R. L. and Packer, L. 1976. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125(1), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(76)90254-1 (Journal)
Juenemann, K. and Guimarães, C. T. 2008. Nitrogen and carbon metabolism under salinity stress in maize genotypes. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20(3), 213-222. (Journal)
Jursík, M., Soukup, J., Holec, J. and Andr, J. 2015. Herbicide mode of action and its role in resistance management. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 96, 1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.013 (Journal)
Keshkar, A., Sasanfar, H., Zand, E., Baghestani, M. A. and Mirhadi, M. J. 2019. Fitness costs associated with herbicide resistance in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana). Weed Research, 59(4), 343-352. (Journal)
Khan, S. R., Thompson, L. M., Garcia, E. F. and Martinez, P. 2023. Carotenoid and chlorophyll quantification in herbicide-stressed plants: Modified equations for improved accuracy. Photosynthesis Research, 156(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-023-01023-z (Journal)
Lenhart, K., Preston, C. and McCullough, P. 2013. No fitness cost of glyphosate resistance conferred by massive EPSPS gene amplification in Amaranthus palmeri. Pest Management Science, 69(9), 1055-1060. (Journal)
Nanjo, T., Fujita, M., Seki, M., Kato, T., Tabata, S. and Shinozaki, K. 2012.
Toxicity of free proline revealed in an Arabidopsis T-DNA-tagged mutant deficient in proline dehydrogenase. Plant and Cell Physiology, 53(2), 271-281. DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcr186 (Journal)
Powles, S. B., Lorraine-Colwill, D. F., Dellow, J. J. and Preston, C. 2010. Evolved resistance to glyphosate in rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia. Weed Science, 48(3), 405-411.   (Journal)
Schmid-Siegert, E., Stepushenko, O., Glauser, G. and Farmer, E. E. 2016. Membranes as structural antioxidants: Recycling of malondialdehyde to its source in oxidation-sensitive chloroplast fatty acids. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 291(25), 13005-13013. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.729921 (Journal)
Shabala, S. and Bose, J. 2021. Rapid plant responses to abiotic stresses: Role of membrane transport in osmotic and ionic stress signaling. Plant, Cell & Environment, 44(3), 619-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13976 (Journal)
 
Shabala, S. and Bose, J. 2021. Rapid plant responses to abiotic stresses: Role of membrane transport in osmotic and ionic stress signaling. Plant, Cell & Environment, 44(3), 619-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13976 (Journal)
Silva, J. V., Oliveira, R. S., Constantin, J. and Takano, H. K. 2022. Biochemical and physiological impacts of herbicides on non-target plants: A review. Environmental Pollution, 301, 119034. (Journal)
Skirycz, A., Vandenbroucke, K., Clauw, P., Maleux, K., De Meyer, B., Dhondt, S., Pucci, A., Gonzalez, N., Hoeberichts, F., Tognetti, V. B., Galbiati, M., Tonelli, C., Van Breusegem, F., Vuylsteke, M. and Inzé, D. 2011. Survival and growth of Arabidopsis plants given limited water are not equal. Nature Biotechnology, 29(3), 212-214. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1800 (Journal)
Tounekti, T., Vadel, A. M., Oñate, M., Khemira, H. and Munné-Bosch, S. 2011. Salt-induced oxidative stress in rosemary plants: Damage or protection? Environmental and Experimental Botany, 71(2), pp.298-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.12.016 (Journal)
Tuberosa, R. 2011. Phenotyping for drought tolerance of crops in the genomics era. Frontiers in Physiology, 3, 347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys (Journal)
Villa, S. C., Marchesan, E., Grohs, M. and Avila, L. A. 2009. Fitness cost associated with resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides in Echinochloa crus-galli. Weed Research, 49(5), 463-472. (Journal)
Weber, H., Chételat, A., Reymond, P. and Farmer, E. E. 2004.
Selective and powerful stress gene expression in Arabidopsis in response to malondialdehyde. The Plant Journal, 37(6), 877-888. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02013.x (Journal)
Yuan, J. S., Abercrombie, L. L., Cao, Y., Halfhill, M. D., Zhou, X., Peng, Y. and Stewart, C. N. 2010. Functional genomics analysis of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) with special reference to the evolution of non-target-site herbicide resistance. Weed Science, 58(2), 109-117. DOI:10.1614/WS-D-09-00049.1 (Journal)
Zhao, Y., Dong, W., Zhang, N., Ai, X., Wang, M., Huang, Z. and Xiao, L. 2014.
A wheat allene oxide cyclase gene enhances salinity tolerance via jasmonate signaling.
Plant Physiology, 164(2), 1068-1076. DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.227595 (Journal)
Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research
Volume 12, Issue 2
July 2025
Pages 17-32

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics