The effect of chemical and organic fertilizer application on growth, seed yield and seed oil content of blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

5 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran

10.22124/jms.2023.7681

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of applying different levels of vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer and their combination on seed yield, seed protein, oil content, and fatty acids profile of the Blessed thistle. The experiment was arranged as a complete block design with three replications in 2018 and 2019 in the experimental field of the faculty of agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Treatments consisted of (control (no fertilizer), 100% nitrogen fertilizer requirement, 75% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 25% vermicompost, 50% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 50% vermicompost, 25% nitrogen fertilizer requirement + 75% vermicompost and 100% vermicompost). The results showed that the highest biomass (10.32 ton ha-1) and plant height (100.2 cm) was obtained in the combination of 50% nitrogen requirement and vermicompost. The highest 1,000-seed weight (30.9 g), seed yield (1708.3 kg/ha), seed oil percentage (18.9%), and oil yield (323.52 kg/ha) were observed in 100% vermicompost treatment. The highest percentage of linoleic acid (66.7) and oleic acid (25.8) were observed respectively in the treatment of 100% vermicompost and 100% nitrogen fertilizer requirement, and the lowest in the treatment of 100% nitrogen (61.01% linoleic acid) and without Fertilizer consumption (control) (23.09% oleic acid). The results indicated that the vermicompost fertilizer treatments had a positive effect on the quantity and fatty acid composition of the blessed thistle seeds, the treatment required 50% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% vermicompost and for seed production, 100% vermicompost treatment is more suitable in the climatic conditions of the experimental site.

Keywords


Al Jaouni, S., Selim, S., Hassan, S.H., Mohamad, H.S.H., Wadaan, M.A.M. and Hozzein, W.N., Asard, H., AbdElgawad, H. 2019. Vermicompost supply modifies chemical composition and improves nutritive and medicinal properties of date palm fruits from Saudi Arabia. Front. Plant Science, 10:424. (Journal)
Amin Gafouri, A., Rezvani Moghddam, P. and Nasiri Mehallati, M. 2010. Effect of organic manure on yield and yield components of Ricinus sativus, in: First National Congress of Sustainable Agriculture and Development and Safe Crop Production. Isfahan. (in Persian))Congress(
Angelova, V.R., Akova, V.I., Krustev, S.V and Ivanov, K.I. 2015. Potential of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for phytoremedation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Contam. Soils, Sediments, Water energy, 9:6. (Journal)
Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Bierman, P., Welch, C. and Metzger, J.D. 2004. Influences of vermicomposts on field strawberries: 1. Effects on growth and yields. Bioresour. Technology, 93: 145–153. (Journal)
Azizi, A., Yan, F. and Honermeier, B. 2008. Herbage yield , essential oil content and composition of three oregano ( Origanum vulgare L .) populations as affected by soil moisture regimes and nitrogen supply 9: 554–561. (Journal)
Basu, M., Bhadoria, P.B.S. and Mahapatra, S.C. 2008. Growth, nitrogen fixation, yield and kernel quality of peanut in response to lime, organic and inorganic fertilizer levels. Bioresour. Technology, 99: 4675–4683. (Journal)
Bidabadi, S.S., Dehghanipoodeh, S. and Wright, G.C. 2017. Vermicompost leachate reduces some negative effects of salt stress in pomegranate. Recycling of Organic Waste in  Agriculture, 6: 255–263. (Journal)
Darzi, M.T., Hadjseyed Hadi, M.R. and Rejali, F. 2011. Effects of vermicompost and phosphate biofertilizer application on yield and yield components in Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 26: 452–465. (Journal)
Feizabadi, A., Noormohammadi, G. and Fatehi, F. 2021. Changes in growth, physiology, and fatty acid profile of rapeseed cultivars treated with vermicompost under drought stress. Journal of Soil Science. Plant Nutrure, 21: 200–208. (Journal)
Ghiasy-Oskoee, M. and AghaAlikhani, M. 2023. Towards utilizing Asteraceae alternative oilseed species on marginal lands: Agronomic performance, fatty acid composition, oil biocompounds, and oil physicochemical properties of Asteraceae species. Journal of Agriculture Food Research, 14: 100799. (Journal)
Ghiasy-Oskoee, M, Aghaalikhani, M., Sefidkon, F., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. and Ayyari, M. 2018. Influence of nitrogen rate and plant density on grain yield and the efficiency of nitrogen use in blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus L.). Journal of Crop Improvent, 20 (3): 643-654. (in Persian)(Journal)
Ghiasy-Oskoee, Mehdi, AghaAlikhani, M., Sefidkon, F., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. and Ayyari, M. 2018. Blessed thistle agronomic and phytochemical response to nitrogen and plant density. Industerial Crops Production, 122: 566–573. (Journal)
Ghiasy-Oskoee, M., Hatterman-Valenti, H., Monono, E. and AghaAlikhani, M. 2020. Blessed thistle a promising species on North Dakota, USA marginal lands: Agronomic productivity, oil properties and biodiesel potential. Ecological Engineering, 155: 105908. (Journal)
Gul, V., Gidik, B. and Girgel, U. 2021. Effects of vermicompost fertilizer on the yield and oil quality sunflower (Нelianthus annuus L.) varieties. Feresenius Envirunmental Bulletin, 30(12): 13351-13358. (Journal)
Gyaneshwar, P., Naresh Kumar, G., Parekh, L.J. and Poole, P.S. 2002. Role of soil microorganisms in improving P nutrition of plants. Plant Soil, 245: 83–93. (Journal)
Hasnain, M., Chen, J., Ahmed, N., Memon, S., Wang, L., Wang, Y. and Wang, P. 2020. The effects of fertilizer type and application time on soil properties, plant traits, yield and quality of tomato. Sustainability, 12: 9065. (Journal)
Hernández, T., Chocano, C., Moreno, J.L. and García, C. 2016. Use of compost as an alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizers in intensive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops—Effects on soil and plant. Soil Tillage Research, 160: 14–22. (Journal)
Horn, G., Kupfer, A., Rademacher, A., Kluge, H., Kalbitz, J., Eißner, H. and Dräger, B. 2015. Cnicus benedictus as a potential low input oil crop. Europian Journal of Lipid Science Technology, 117: 561–566. (Journal)
Hussain, F., Hussain, I., Khan, A.H.A., Muhammad, Y.S., Iqbal, M., Soja, G., Reichenauer, T.G. and Yousaf, S. 2018. Combined application of biochar, compost, and bacterial consortia with Italian ryegrass enhanced phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 153: 80–88. (Journal)
Jabeen, N. and Ahmad, R. 2017. Growth response and nitrogen metabolism of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to vermicompost and biogas slurry under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 40: 104–114. (Journal)
Javed, S. and Panwar, A. 2013. Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on different biochemical parameters of Glycine max and Vigna mungo. Recent Research Science Technology. 5: 40–44. (Journal)
Keshavarz Afshar, R., Chaichi, M.R., Rezaei, K., Asareh, M.H., Karimi, M. and Hashemi, M. 2015. Irrigation regime and organic fertilizers influence on oil content and fatty acid composition of milk thistle seeds. Agronomy Journal, 107: 187–194. (Journal)
Keshavarz, H., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M. and Mahdipour Afra, M. 2018. Organic and chemical fertilizer affected yield and essential oil of two mint species. Journal of Essentional Oil Bear Plants, 21: 1674–1681. (Journal)
Kheiry, A., Arghavani, M. and Khastoo, M. 2016. Effects of organic fertilizers application on morphophysiological characteristics of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Iranian Journal Medicine Aromatic Plants Research, 31: 1047–1057. (Journal)
Kumar, V. 1994. Nitrogen economy in Indian mustard through use of Azotobacter chroococcum. Crop Research, 8: 449–452. (Journal)
Kumar, V. and Sood, M. 2011. Effect of transplanting time, spacing and fertilizers on herbage and oil yield of Mentha piperita L. International Journal Farm Science, 1: 68–74. (Journal)
Kusvuran, S.and Ellialtioglu, S.S. 2021. Assessment of different organic matters on antioxidative enzyme activities and nutritional components under salt stress in salad Rocket (Eruca sativa). Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 31(5):1319-1328. (Journal)
Laghari, G.M., Oad, F.C., Shamasuddin, T., Gandahi, A.W., Siddiqui, M.H., Jagirani, A.W. and Oad, S.M. 2010. Growth, yield and nutrient uptake of various wheat cultivars under different fertilizer regimes. Sarhad Journal Agriculture, 26: 489–497. (Journal)
Metcalfe, L.D., Schmitz, A.A. and Pelka, J.R. 1966. Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatographic analysis. Analitical Chemistery, 38: 514–515. (Journal)
Mohammadi, Khosro, Ghalavand, A., Aghaalikhani, M., Heidari, G., Shahmoradi, B. and Sohrabi, Y. 2011. Effect of different methods of crop rotation and fertilization on canola traits and soil microbial activity. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 1261–1268. (Journal)
Mohammadi, Kh, Pasari, B., Rokhzadi, A., Ghalavand, A., Aghaalikhani, M. and Eskandari, M. 2011. Response of grain yield and canola quality to different resources of farmyard manure, compost and biofertilizers in Kurdistan region. Electronic Journal of Crop Science, 4(2):81-101. (Journal)
Mokhtassi-bidgoli, A., Aghaalikhani, M., Nassiri-mahallati, M., Zand, E., Gonzalez-andujar, J.L. and Azari, A. 2013. Agronomic performance , seed quality and nitrogen uptake of Descurainia sophia in response to different nitrogen rates and water regimes. Industrial Crops and Products, 44: 583–592. (Journal)
Molla, H., Gashaw, M. and Wassie, H. 2018. Response of bread wheat to integrated application of vermicompost and NPK fertilizers. African Journal of Agriculture Research, 13: 14–20. (Journal)
Moradzadeh, S., Siavash Moghaddam, S., Rahimi, A., Pourakbar, L., El Enshasy, H.A. and Sayyed, R.Z. 2021. Bio-Chemical Fertilizer Improves the Oil Yield, Fatty Acid Compositions, and Macro-Nutrient Contents in Nigella sativa L. Horticulturae, 7: 345. (Journal)
 
Munir, M.A., Malik, M.A. and Saleem, M.F. 2007. Impact of integration of crop manuring and nitrogen application on growth, yield and quality of spring planted sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39: 441. (Journal)
Murty, M.G. and Ladha, J.K. 1988. Influence of Azospirillum inoculation on the mineral uptake and growth of rice under hydroponic conditions. Plant Soil, 108: 281–285. (Journal)
Nasiroleslami, E., Mozafari, H., Sadeghi-Shoae, M., Habibi, D. and Sani, B. 2021. Changes in yield, protein, minerals, and fatty acid profile of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under fertilizer management involving application of nitrogen, humic acid, and seaweed extract. Journal of Soil Science Plant Nutritient, 21: 2642–2651. (Journal)
Onemli, F. 2012. Impact of climate changes and correlations on oil fatty acids in sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science, 49: 455–458. (Journal)
Roth, L. and Kormann, K. 2000. Ölpflanzen-Pflanzenöle. Landsberg/Lech ecomed Verlags-gesellschaft AG& Co. KG (226 Seiten). Journal of Plant Physiology, 157(6):712. (Journal)
Roy, D.K. and Singh, B.P. 2006. Effect of level and time of nitrogen application with and without vermicompost on yield, yield attributes and quality of malt barley (Hordeum vulgare). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 51:40–42. (Journal)
Sajadi Nik, R., Yadavi, A., Balouchi, H.R. and Farajee, H. 2011. Effect of chemical (urea), organic (vermicompost) and biological (nitroxin) fertilizers on quantity and quality yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J. Agriculture Science Sustain Product, 21: 87–101. (Journal)
Samadzadeh Ghale Joughi, E., Majidi Hervan, E., Shirani Rad, A.H. and Noormohamadi, G.H. 2018. Fatty acid composition of oilseed rapeseed genotypes as affected by vermicompost application and different thermal regimes. Agronomy Research, 16(1), 230-242. (Journal)
Sardoei, A. 2014. Vermicompost effects on the growth and flowering of marigold (Calendula officinalis). Eur. J. Exp. Biol. 4, 651–655. (Journal)
Sheoran, H.S., Duhan, B.S., Grewal, K.S. and Sheoran, S. 2015. Grain yield and NPK uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by nitrogen, vermicompost and herbicide (Clodinafop propargyl). African Journal Agriculture Research, 10: 3952–3961. (Journal)
Singh, S. and Sinha, S. 2005. Accumulation of metals and its effects in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.(cv. Rohini) grown on various amendments of tannery waste. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 62:118–127. (Journal)
Suthar, S. 2010. Evidence of plant hormone like substances in vermiwash: An ecologically safe option of synthetic chemicals for sustainable farming. Ecological Enginering, 36(8): 1089–1092. (Journal)
Szabó, I., Pallag, A. and Blidar, C.-F. 2009. The antimicrobial activity of the Cnicus benedictus L. extracts. The Antimicrobial Activity of the Cnicus benedictus L. Extracts, 16: 126–128. (Journal)
Tabatabai, S.M.R., Madani, H., Heidari Sharifabad, H., Noormohammadi, G. and Darvish, F. 2020. Effect of Chemical and Compost Fertilizers on Yield and Oil Fatty Composition of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Delay Planting Date. Commun. Soil Science Plant Analual, 51: 2069–2084. (Journal)
Tandon, Hari Lal Singh, Tandon, H L S 1993. Methods of analysis of soils, plants, waters, and fertilisers. Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation New Delhi. (Journal)
Vadiraj, B.A. and Poti, N. 1998. Effect of vermicompost on the growth and yield of turmeric. South Indian Horticulture, 46:176–179. (Journal)
Zahedifard, M., Sharafzadeh, S., Zolfibavariani, M. and Zare, M. 2014. Influence of nitrogen and vermicompost on grain and oil yield of rapeseed CV. RGS003. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3:54–57. (Journal)