Assessment of the effect of different chemical fertilizers, biochar and Trichoderma fungi treatments at mother plant on germination and other hybrid corn KSC 704 seed germination components in maternal growth under accelerated aging test.

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource

2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft

3 Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources

Abstract

Accelerated aging test is the most important test used to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds of various species and provides related information about their adaptability degree.In this research, the effect different fertilizer, biochar and Trichoderma fungus treatments was investigated on germination and other seed germination components of corn KSC 704 under accelated aging test,This experiment was conducted as  split–plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications to determine the changes in maize’s seed quality on the parent plant at Jiroft's Nemooneh Field in 2016. The main factor was four levels of fertilizers NPK respectively representing the control (no Fertilizer), 30%, 70%,and 100% of recommended value (Urea 400, superphosphate trepil 100 and potash 150 kgha-1), while biochar(with biochar and no biochar) (20 kgha-1),and three strains of control (no Trichoderma) and Trichoderma (Trichoderma atroviride and Trichodema harzianum) were assigned to sub plots. To assess the quality of maize seeds KSC.704 hybrid produced on the parent plant, accelerated ageing test (including normal seedling percentage, germination rate, seedling length and weight) were performed. The results showed that utilization of biochar, Trichoderma strains and fertilizer levels significantly affected normal seedling percentage,MGT, seedling length vigor index and seedling weight vigor index in accelerated ageing test and the highest seed quality was obtained via combined treatment of using biochar, Trichoderma (Trichodema harzianum) and 70% of the recommended fertilizer dose. According to the results obtained in the control treatments (no fertilizer) and fertilizer application (as 30, 70 and 100% of recommended fertilizer dose,Trichoderma and biochar treatments did not affect the amount of fertilizer used, but increased the fertilizer use efficiency

Keywords


Barsa, S.M.A., Ahmad, N., Khan, M.M., Iqbal, N. and Cheema, M.A. 2003. Assessment of cotton seed deterioration during accelerated ageing. Seed Science and Technology, 31: 531–544. (Journal)
Beker, B., Zambryski, P., Staskawicz, B. and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. 1987. Signaling in plant microb interactions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 276: 726-733. (Journal)
Blackwell, P., Krull, E., Butler, G., Herbert, A. and Solaiman, Z. 2010. Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in south-western australia an agronomic and economic perspective. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48: 531-545. (Journal)
Chan, K.Y. and Xu, Z.H. 2009. Biochar-nutrient properties and their enhancement biochar for environmental management. Soil Science and Technology, 63: 67-81. (Journal)
Cheng, C.H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J.E., Burton, S.D. and Engelhard, M.H. 2006. Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Soil Science, 37: 14-77. (Journal)
Christoph, S. 2007. Long term effects of manure, charcoal and mineral fertilization on crop production and fertility on a highly weathered Central Amazonian upland soil. Plant and Soil, 291: 275-290. (Journal)
De Figueiredo, E., Albuquerque, M.C. and De Carvalho, N.M. 2003. Effect of the type of environmental stress on the emergence of sunflower (Hellianthus annns L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) seeds with different levels of vigor. Seed Science and Technology, 31: 465 – 479. (Journal)
Devaiah S.P., Pan, X., Roth, M., Welti, R. and Wang, X. 2007. Enhancing seed quality and viability by suppressing phospholiapase D in Arabidopsis. Journal of Plant Production, 50: 950–957. (Journal)
Forcella, F., Arnold, R.L.B., Sanchez, R. and Ghersa, C.M. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crops Research, 67(2): 123-139. (Journal)
Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and Mardfar, R.A. 2008. Effects of limited irrigation on growth and grain yield of common bean. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(3): 230-235. (Journal)
Hampton, J.G. and Tekrony, D.M. 1995 Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2: 167-177. (Journal)
Harman, G.E., Latorre, B., Agosin, E., San Martin, R., Riegel, D.G., Nielsen, P.A. and Pearson, R.C. 1996. Biological and Integrated Control of Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grape Using Trichoderma spp. Biological Control, 7(3): 259-266. (Journal)
 Harman, G.E. 2000. Myths and dogmas of biocontrol changes in perceptions derived from research on Trichoderma harzinum T-22. Plant Disease, 84(4): 377-393. (Journal)
Harman, G.E. 2006. Overview of Mechanisms and Uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 96(2): 190-194. (Journal)
Husk, B. and Major, J. 2011. Biochar commercial agriculture field trial in Québec, Canada – year three effects of biochar on forage plant biomass quantity, quality and milk production. Soil Sciences, 65: 23-35. (Journal) 
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). 2008. International rules for seed testing. Basserdorf, Switzerland. (Handbook)
Krishnamurti, G.S.R., Huang, P.M. and Kozak, L.M. 1999. Sorption and desorption kinetics of cadmium from soils: Influence of phosphate. Soil Sciences, 164(12): 235-.247. (Journal)
Jacobsen, S.E. and Bach, A.P. 1998. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Seed Science and Technology, 26(2): 515-523. (Journal)
Laird, D., Fleming, P., Wang, B.Q., Horton, R. and Karlen, D. 2010. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Seed Sciences Technology,158: 436-442. (Journal)
Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J. and Rondon, M. 2006. Biochar sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems – a review. J. Mitiga. Adapta. Strategies.  American Journal of Science andTechnology , 11: 403–427. (Journal)
Lehmann, J. 2007. Biology-energy in the black. Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, 5: 381. (Journal)
Lehmann, J., Czimnik, C., Laird, B. and Sohi, S. 2009. Biochar for environmental management. Soil Sciences and Technology, 15: 183-206. (Journal)
Major, J., Steiner, C., Downie, A. and Lehmann, J. 2009. Biochar effects on nutrient leaching. International Journal of Soil Science and Technology, 42: 271-284. (Journal)
Major, J., Rondon, M., Molina, D., Riha, S.J. and Lehmann, J. 2010. Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant and Soil, 333: 117-128. (Journal)
McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Sciences Technology, 27: 177 – 237. (Journal)
Neumann, B. and Laing, M. 2006. Trichoderma spp anally in the quest for soil system molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence. Plant and Soil, 72: 1598–1610. (Journal)
Rehman, S., Harris, P.J.C. and Bourne, W.F. 1999. Effect of artificial ageing on the germination, ion leakage and salinity tolerance of Acacia tortilis and A. coriacea seeds. Seed Sciences Technology, 27: 141 – 149. (Journal)
Rondon, M., Lehmann, J., Ramirez, J. and Hurtado, M. 2007. Biological nitrogen fixation by common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) increases with biochar additions. Journal of Biology and Soil, 43: 99–708. (Journal)
Tekrony, D.M. 1995. Accelerated aging. In: Van de venter, H.A. (Ed.) Seed vigor testing seminar. Copenhagen: ISTA. Pp, 53 – 72. (Handbook)
Woolf, D., Amonette, J.E., Street-Perrott, F.A., Lehmann, J. and Joseph, S. 2010. Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change. Nature Communications, 1: 56-69. (Journal)
Zhang, A., Pan, L., Hussain, G., Zhang, Q., Zheng, X. and Crowley, D. 2010. Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Sciences, 139: 469-475. (Journal)