The Effect of Different Combinations of Hormonal Treatments on Breaking Seed Dormancy in Different Ecotypes of Black Zira (Bunium persicum)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

To study the effect of different hormone combinations on breaking dormancy and germination of Black Zira, 27 treatments consisted of three hormone, gibberellic acid (80, 100, and 120 μm), Thidiazuron (4, 6 and 8 μm) and benzyl adenine (5, 10 and 15 μm). Factorial experimental with three replications in a randomized complete block design was carried out. Seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and the total percentage of germination were measured and seedling vigor index, fresh weight index, and dry weight index were calculated. Analysis of variance showed the significant differences between the effect of ecotype × combination × Hormone level for fresh weight, total percentage of germination and vigor index. Comparison of means for ecotype × combination × level effect showed the total percentage of germination and vigor index were highest for sixth level of GA × BA combination in Hormozgan ecotype and fresh weight was highest for fifth level of TDZ × BA combination in Semnan ecotype. Mean Comparison of ecotype effects showed that the dry weight index was the highest in Semnan ecotype and the Mean Comparison of level effects showed that the dry weight index was highest in fourth levels (6 μm TDZ and 5 μm BA and 100 μm GA). The result showed that hormones levels and combinations were suitable for seed germination in this experiment. Hormozgan ecotype had the best germination at GA × BA combination.

Keywords


Abdul-baki, A.A. and Anderson, J.D.1973. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiplication. Crop Science, 3: 630-633. (Journal)
Arnold, R.M., Slyker, J.A. and Gupta, T.H. 1996. Germination of Chaenorrhinum minus seeds in response to gibberellin treatments. Journal of Plant Physiology, 148:677–683. (Journal)
Bahadori, F. and Javanbakht, A. 2006. Effect of pre-treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Bunium persicum of Semnan. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 14(3):163-169. (In Farsi) (Journal)
Bao, J. and Zhang, S. 2011. Changes in endogenous hormone contents of pear stock (Pyrus betulaefolia Bge. and Pyrus calleryana Dcne.) seeds during cold stratification. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(74): 16813-16825. (Journal)
 
Delanoy, M., VanDamme, P., Scheldeman, X. and Beltran, J. 2006. Germination of Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H. Bailey, Passiflora tricuspis Mast. and Passiflora nov sp. seeds. Scientia Horticulture, 110:198–203. (Journal)
Elouaer, M.A. and Hannachi, C. 2012. Seed priming to improve germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under salt stress. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 6: 76-84. (Journal)
Eyog-Matig, O., Aoudji, A.K.N. and Linsoussi, C. 2007. Garcinia kola Heckel seeds dormancy breaking. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 5(1): 63-71. (Journal)
Faravani, M. 1997. Invesgigation on plant density of Black cumin (Bunium persicum) on grain yield and yield compenents in nurseryand field. Research Report, Research Department of Seed and Plant, Agricultural Research Center of Khorasan. (In Farsi).
Ghadiri Sardrood, S. and Ghamari Zare, A. 2014. Effects of kinetin, 2, 4-D and TDZ on somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus saligna. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 22(1): 91-100. (In Farsi) (Journal)
Greipsson, S. 2001. Effects of stratification and GA3 on seed germination of a sand stabilising grass Leymus arenarius used in reclamation. Seed Science Technology, 29:1-10. (Journal)
Gupta, V. 2003. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for indigenous medicinal and aromatic plants. Journal of Medicinal Aromatic Plant Science, 25:402–407. (Journal)
IBM Corporation Released. 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. (Book)
Jung, H.H. and Kim, K.S. 2011. Flowering of Adonis amurensis by Breaking Dormancy Using Gibberellins and Cytokinins. Horticulture and Environmental Biotechnology, 52(3):246-251. (Journal)
Khan, A.A. 1971. Cytokinins: Permissive role in seed germination. Science, 171: 853-859. (Journal)
Kaye, T.N., Liston, A., Love, R.N., Luoma, D.L., Meinke, R.J. and Wilson, M.V. 1997. Seed dormancy in high elevation plants: Implication for ecology and restoration. Conservation and Management of Native plants and Fungi. Native Plant Society of Oregon, Corvallis, Oregon, 115-120. (Journal)
Khosravi, M. 1993. Bunium persicum (Botany, Ecology and Explore the possibility of crop production). M.Sc. Thesis. Agriculture field, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. PP. 107. (In Farsi)
Nadjafi, F., Bannayan, M., Tabrizi, L. and Rastgoo, M. 2006. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium. Journal of Arid Environment, 64:542–547. (Journal)
Naidu, C.V. and Rajendrudu, G. 2001. Influence of kinetin and nitrogenous salts on seed germination of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.). Seed Science and Technology, 29: 669-672. (Journal)
Nasiri, M. 2008. Investigation of suitable seed germination enhancement and breaking seed dormancy treatment of Montpellier maple (Acer monospessulanum L.). Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research, 16(1): 94-105. (In Farsi) (Journal)
Omidbeigi, R. 1997. Producton and Processing of Medicinal Plants.(1st edition) Tarrahane-Nashr Publication, Tehran, Vol. 2. pp. 424. (In Farsi) (Book)
Parks, C.A. and Boyle, T.H. 2002. Germination of liatris spicata (L). willdseed is enhanced by stratification, benzyladenine, or thiourea but not gibberellic acid. Horticultural Science, 37: 202-205. (Journal)
Patil, J.G., Ahire, M.L and Nikam, T.D. 2012. Influence of plant growth regulators on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Digitalis purpurea L. The Asian and Australian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology. 6 (1): 12-18. (Journal)
Ritchie, S. and Gilroy, S. 1998. Gibberellins: regulating genes and germination. New Phytologist, 140:363-383. (Journal)
 
Ruznic, D.J.V. and Vujovic, T.I. 2008. The effects of cytokinin types and their concentration on in vitro multiplication of sweet cherry cv. Lapins (Prunus avium L.). Horticultural Science, (Prague), 35(1): 12–21. (Journal)
SAS Institute Inc. 2006. Base SAS® 9.1.3 procedures guide(2nd ed.), volumes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Cary, NC: Author. (Book)
Sharma, R.K. and Sharma, S. and Sharma, S.S. 2006. Seed germination behaviour of some medicinal plants of Lahaul and Spiti cold desert (Himachal Pradesh): implications for conservation and cultivation. Current Science, 90 (8): 1113-1118. (Journal)
Sharma, R.K. and Sharma, S. 2010. Effect of storage and Cold-Stratification on seed physiological aspects of Bunium persicum: A threatened medicinal herb of Trans-Himalaya. International Journal of Botany, 6: 151-156. (Journal)
Shen, H., Zhu, L., Bu, Q.Y. and Huq, E. 2012. Max2 affects multiple hormones to promote photomorphogenesis. Molecular, Plant, 5:224-236. (Journal)
Sumlu, S., Atar, H.H. and Khawar, K.M. 2010. Breaking seed dormancy of water lily (Nymphaea alba L.) under in vitro conditions. Biotechnology and Biotechnology Equipment, 24(1): 1582-1586. (Journal)
Thomas, T.H., Palevitch, D., Biddington, N.L. and Austin, R.B. 1975. Growth regulators and phytochrome mediated dormancy of celery seeds. Physiologia Plantarum, 35:101-106. (Journal)
Vandelook, F., Janssens, S.B. and Probert, R.J. 2012. Relative embryo length as an adaptation to habitat and life cycle in Apiaceae. New Phytologist, 195(2):1469-8137. (Journal)
Van Staden, J. 1973. Changes in endogenous cytokinins of lettuce seed during germination. Physiologia Plantarum, 28:222–227. (Journal)
Yeung, E.C. 1995. Structural and developmental patterns in somatic embryogenesis. In: Thorpe, T.A., (ed.) In vitro Embryogenesis in Plants. Kluwar Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 205-248. (Part of Book)