اثر محلول‌پاشی، نوع کود و زمان مصرف بر رشد و تولید بنه توده بومی زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) تربت حیدریه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران

3 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

عامل اصلی محدودکننده کشت زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) سختی و دشواری به­دست آوردن بنه­هایی با کیفیت بالا برای تکثیر است. لذا این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه اثر محلول­پاشی سه نوع کود در زمان­های مختلف بر رشد و تولید بنه در زعفران به­صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 93-1392 در مزرعه­ای در شهرستان تربت حیدریه خراسان رضوی اجرا شد. تیمار اصلی شامل کودهای دلفان پلاس، اولتراسول 1، اولتراسول 2 و شاهد (آب­پاشی برگ­ها بدون عناصر غذایی و معادل حجم کود در زمان کودپاشی)، تیمار فرعی سه زمان مختلف کاربرد شامل 10 اسفند، 5 فروردین و 25 فروردین بود. صفات اندازه­گیری شامل وزن خشک و قطر بنه­های تولیدی و تعداد کل بنه­های مادری و تولیدی بود. نتایج اثرات تیمارها و زمان­های مختلف محلول­پاشی بر اندازه، وزن بنه­های تولیدی معنی­دار بود، اما بر تعداد کل بنه­های تولیدی در واحد سطح و همچنین برهم­کنش تیمارها معنی­دار نبود. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش، برتری همه کودها نسبت به تیمار شاهد و کود دلفان پلاس نسبت به سایر کودها و همچنین نسبت به تیمار شاهد (به­ترتیب 5/13، 6/13 و13 درصد) را در افزایش اندازه، وزن بنه­ها نشان داد. در بین تیمارهای زمان محلول­پاشی، تاریخ 5 فروردین نسبت به سایر تاریخ­ها بر اندازه، وزن بنه برتری داشت. به­طوری­که زمان محلول­پاشی 5 فروردین نسبت به دو زمان 10 اسفند و 25 فروردین باعث افزایش 6/6 و 11 درصدی در اندازه بنه­های تولیدی شد. بنابراین در بین کودهای استفاده شده، کود دلفان پلاس بهترین کود بود و در بین زمان­های مصرف نیز، 5 فروردین مناسب­ترین زمان مصرف کود بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar application, fertilizer type and time on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Torbat-e-Heydarie landrace corm growth and production

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Monemizadeh 1
  • Mohsen Ghasemi 2
  • Reza Sadrabadi Haghighi 3
1 M.Sc Student of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

A major constraint limiting saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivation is the difficulty of obtaining high quality corms for propagation. This study was conducted to compare foliar application effect of three fertilizer types at different times on corm growth and production in saffron as a split plot expreriment in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014 growing season in Ein abad, in a village in Torbat-e Heydarie of Khorasan Razavi Province. Main plots consisted of Delfan Plus, Ultrasol 1, 2 fertilizers and control, sub plots were three application different times include 1&25 March and 14 April 2014, respectively. Measured traits was including dry weight, replacement corms size and the total number of mother and replacement corms. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of different treatments of foliar application and foliar spray time on size, weight of replacement corms in saffron, but the effect of treatments on the total number of mother and replacement corms per unit area and their interaction effects were not significant. In conclusion, results of this study demonstrated all fertilizers compared to control treatment and Delfan Plus fertilizer compared to other fertilizers and also control treatment (respectively 13.5, 13.6 and 13%) had more increasingly effect on size, weight of replacement corms. Among foliar spray time treatments, on 25 March, 2014 had superiority in positive impact on size, weight of replacement corms compared to other times. So that foliar spray time on 25 March, 2014 compared to 1March and 14 April 2014 caused to increase 6.6% and 11% respectively of daughter corm size, therefore among applied fertilizers, Delfan plus was best fertilizer and also among application times, on 25 March, 2014 was the most appropriate time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm Number
  • Corm Size
  • Foliar Spray Time
  • Saffron

مراجع

Abrishamchi, P., 2003. Evaluation of some biochemical changes related to seed dormancy and flower formation in saffron. Third National Symposium on Saffron. 11-12 December. Mashhad. Iran. (In Persian)(Conference)
Agricultural Organization of Khorasan Razavi. 2013. The eighth leaf. Journal News, 7. (In Persian)(Report)
Akbarian, M.M., Heidari-Sharifabad, H., Noormohammadi, G.H. and Darvish-Kojouri, F. 2012. The effect of potassium, zinc and iron foliar application on the production of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Annals of Biological Research: 5651-5658. (Journal)
Arsalan, N., Gubruz, B., Dpek, A., Ozcan, S., Sathan, E., Daeshian, A.M. and Moghadssi, M.S. 2006. The effect of corm size and different harvesting times on saffron regeneration. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology. 28-30 October. p.113-117. Mashhsd. Iran. (In Persian)(Conference)
Asadi, G.A., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. and Hassanzadeh-Aval, F. 2014. Effects of soil and foliar applications of nutrients on corm growth and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in six-year-old farm. Agronomy and Technology of Saffron, 2(1): 31-44. (In Persian)(Journal)
Azizi-Zahan, A.A., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A. and Sepaskhah, A. 2006. Effect of method and duration of irrigation on production of corm and flowering on saffron. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 10: 45-53. (In Persian)(Journal)
Chaji, N., Khorassani, R., Astaraei, A.R. and Lakzian, A. 2013. Effect of phosphorous and nitrogen on vegetative growth and production of daughter corms of saffron. Journal of Saffron Research, 1(1): 1-12. (In Persian)(Journal)
Daneshvar-Kakhki, M. and Farahmand-Gelyan, K. 2012. Review of interactions between e-commerce, brand and packaging on value added of saffron: A structural equation modeling approach. African Journal of Business Management, 6: 7924-7930. (Journal)
De-Maastro, G. and Ruta, C. 1993. Relation between corm size and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flowering. Acta Horticulturae International Symposium, 344: 512-517. (Journal)
Der, G. and Everitt, B.S. 2002. A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SAS SECOND EDITION chapman and Hall/CRC. http://support.sas.com/HandbookofStatisticalAnalyses. (Handbook)
Gresta, F., Lombardo, G.M., Siracusa, L. and Ruberto, G. 2008. Effect of mother cormdimension and sowing time on stigma yield, daughter corms and qualitativeaspects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 88, 1144–1150. (Journal)
Hassanzadeh-Aval, F. and Mahlouji-Rad, M. 2013. Effect of foliar applications of iron andmanganese on vegetative growth and production of replacement corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Qom conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on the Newest Scientific and Research Findings on Saffron. 30 October. p.55. Torbat-e- Heydariyeh. Iran. (In Persian)(Conference)
Hosseini, M., Sadeghiand, B. and Aghamiri, S.A. 2004. Influence of foliar fertilization on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology. Acta Horticulturae (International Society for Horticultural Scienceor ISHS) 650: 207-209. (Handbook)
Kafi, M., Rashed-Mohasel, M.H. Koocheki, A. and Mollafilabi, A. 2002. Saffron, Production and Processing. Zaban va Adab Press. Iran. 276 pp. (In Persian)(Book)
Kafi, M., Rashed-Mohasel, M.H., Koocheki, A. and Mollafilabi, A. 2001. Saffron: Technology, cultivation and processing. Ferdowssi university of Mashhad press.center of Excellence for special crops. (In Persian)(Book)
Khorasani, R., Rezvani-Moghaddam, P. and Hassanzadeh-Aval, F. 2013. Effect of concentration, time and frequency of foliar applications on vegetative growth and production of replacement corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by using a complete nutrient solution. In:Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on the Newest Scientific and Research Findings on Saffron. Torbat-e- Heydariyeh. Iran, 30 October. p.40. (In Persian)(Conference)
Koocheki, A. and Seyyedi, S.M., 2014. Phonological stages and formation of replacement corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) during growing period (review article). Journal of Saffron Research, Accepted for publication. (In Persian)(Journal)
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., Azizi, H. and Shahriyari, R., 2014. The effects of mother corm size, organic fertilizers and micronutrient foliar application on corm yield and phosphorus uptake of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Technology, 2(1): 31-44. (In Persian)(Journal)
Kumar, R., Singh, V., Devi, K., Sharma, M., Singh, M.K. and Ahuja, P.S. 2009. State of art of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Agronomy: A Comprehensive Review', Food Reviews International, 25(1): 44 – 85. (Journal)  
López-Rodríguez, F.N., 1989. Estudio histológico de Crocus sativus L. Tesina de Licenciatura, Universidad Pública de Pamplona, Pamplona, España. (Book)
Mollafilabi, A. 2000. Modern production and agricultural of saffron. Publication of Scientific and Industrial Research Organization of Iran. Center of Khorasan. (Handbook)
Sadeghi, B., 1991. Changes in nutrient uptake during the growing season the leaf and saffron bulb. Iran Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Khorasan Research Institute. (In Persian)(Handbook)
Safipouriyan, A.H., Shekari, A., Rajabian, T. and Fotokian, H. 2011. The evaluation of time of corms lifting (Harvesting) and foliar nutrition on some morphological and chemical yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), Journal of Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(2): 243-247. (Journal)
Sofi, J.A., Nayar, A., Kirmani, A. U. and Ansar, L. 2008. Effect of integrated nutrient management on saffron yield and soil fertility. Asian Journal of Soil Science, 3(1): 117-119. (Journal)
Statistical yearbook of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. 2013. Department of Agricultural Statistics. Jihad-e Agriculture Organization in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. (In Persian)(Report)
Torabi, M. and Sadeghi, B. 1994. Nutrition changes in leaf and saffron corm during the growing season. Proceedings of the Second Meeting of Saffron Cultivation and Medicinal Plants, Gonabad, November 17-18. (In Persian)(Conference)
Zabihi, H., Rezayian, S., Ghasemzadeh-Ganja. M. and Passban, M. 2011.Temporal changes of nutrient element in leaf Saffron. 12th Iranian Soil Science Congress Tabriz. Iran. (In Persian)(Conference)
علوم و تحقیقات بذر ایران
دوره 6، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 513-525

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار