University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Grouping of some bean genotypes in various drought stress treatment in Germination Stages and the expression investigating of some genes in resistant and susceptible Grouping of some bean genotypes in various drought stress treatment in Germination Stages and the expression investigating of some genes in resistant and susceptible 209 224 5226 10.22124/jms.2021.5226 FA Mohammad Mohsenzadeh Golfazani Assistant Professor. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Habibollah Samizadeh Professor, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Jamalali Olfati Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Fateme Mostashari-rad MS, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan,Rasht, Iran. Journal Article 2021 08 18 In order to study the effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 on germination components of 21 bean genotypes, a randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of one drought level (-0.148 MPa) and control level (0), in 3 replication and with the purpose of determining the resistance and susceptible genotype, was conducted. Results of anova indicate that all genotypes in all studied components (root, shoot, fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of root and shoot, growth rate root and shoot, root to shoot length ratio, difference of fresh and dry weight root, difference of fresh and dry weight shoot)were affected significantly by drought stress. Genotype effect and also the interaction between genotype and drought, was significant for all studied components. According to results of cluster analysis with the ward method, all genotypes in normal and drought conditions, were placed into four different groups, the Ghalaf Siyah and Pak genotypes were chosen as resistance and susceptible genotypes in drought stress conditions.In this study the expression patterns of three drought induced-genes was investigated in two Ghalaf Siyah (resistant genotype) and Pak (sensitive genotype) using Real time PCR technique. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, expression of three genes, including,GR, PRX and APX were studied in the seedling stage of Ghalaf Siyah and Pak genotype under drought stress for control, 72, 144, 192 and 240 hours of the treatments.The results indicated that in Ghalaf Siyah genotype the drought induced-genes generally had higher expression than Pak cultivar.Expression of three genes PRX, GR and APX at the 240 h in the tolerant genotype, it was two, four and six more than the sensitive genotype. In order to study the effects of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 on germination components of 21 bean genotypes, a randomized complete design with factorial arrangement of one drought level (-0.148 MPa) and control level (0), in 3 replication and with the purpose of determining the resistance and susceptible genotype, was conducted. Results of anova indicate that all genotypes in all studied components (root, shoot, fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of root and shoot, growth rate root and shoot, root to shoot length ratio, difference of fresh and dry weight root, difference of fresh and dry weight shoot)were affected significantly by drought stress. Genotype effect and also the interaction between genotype and drought, was significant for all studied components. According to results of cluster analysis with the ward method, all genotypes in normal and drought conditions, were placed into four different groups, the Ghalaf Siyah and Pak genotypes were chosen as resistance and susceptible genotypes in drought stress conditions.In this study the expression patterns of three drought induced-genes was investigated in two Ghalaf Siyah (resistant genotype) and Pak (sensitive genotype) using Real time PCR technique. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, expression of three genes, including,GR, PRX and APX were studied in the seedling stage of Ghalaf Siyah and Pak genotype under drought stress for control, 72, 144, 192 and 240 hours of the treatments.The results indicated that in Ghalaf Siyah genotype the drought induced-genes generally had higher expression than Pak cultivar.Expression of three genes PRX, GR and APX at the 240 h in the tolerant genotype, it was two, four and six more than the sensitive genotype.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5226_fb6b489c9910fd74099b2e6f599dfa49.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Changes in spring wheat defense system using zinc and biofortified seeds with this elementunder drought stress Changes in spring wheat defense system using zinc and biofortified seeds with this elementunder drought stress 225 244 5227 10.22124/jms.2021.5227 FA Amin Abbasi Assistant Professor of Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran Mahmod Aligholipour Sharabyani M.Sc. Graduate, Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mohamad Sedgi Professor of Plant Production and Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2020 10 31 Drought stress and zinc deficiency have always been considered as problems affecting the yield of cereals, especially wheat. In order to influence of zinc application and and its internal amount on growth and defense system in different moisture conditions, a factorial research was conducted based on a completely randomized design at Ardabil University and its biochemical parameters were measured at Maragheh University in 2017. Factors studied included biofortified seeds, application of zinc and drought stress. The results of this study showed that the three-way interaction on stem height, leaf area, chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase activity, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline was significant at 1 and 5% probability levels. According to the mean comparisons, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in 30% of field capacity was recorded in the treatment of increased seeds by soil method. The result can be seen in modulating the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in this treatment. Also, based on these results, the amount of chlorophyll, leaf area and plant height in this treatment showed a significant increase compared to the treatment of control seed application in irrigation conditions of 30% of field capacity. As a final result, it can be acknowledged that the application of soil-biofortified seeds in the Registered Seed fields along with the application of 25 kg/ha of sulfate zinc in the main fields in different moisture conditions, can be introduced as a suitable treatment for field research. Drought stress and zinc deficiency have always been considered as problems affecting the yield of cereals, especially wheat. In order to influence of zinc application and and its internal amount on growth and defense system in different moisture conditions, a factorial research was conducted based on a completely randomized design at Ardabil University and its biochemical parameters were measured at Maragheh University in 2017. Factors studied included biofortified seeds, application of zinc and drought stress. The results of this study showed that the three-way interaction on stem height, leaf area, chlorophyll, superoxide dismutase activity, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, proline was significant at 1 and 5% probability levels. According to the mean comparisons, the highest activity of superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-SOD isozyme, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase in 30% of field capacity was recorded in the treatment of increased seeds by soil method. The result can be seen in modulating the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in this treatment. Also, based on these results, the amount of chlorophyll, leaf area and plant height in this treatment showed a significant increase compared to the treatment of control seed application in irrigation conditions of 30% of field capacity. As a final result, it can be acknowledged that the application of soil-biofortified seeds in the Registered Seed fields along with the application of 25 kg/ha of sulfate zinc in the main fields in different moisture conditions, can be introduced as a suitable treatment for field research.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5227_b5b81d457f1543bec7ea901c222cc5ff.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Proteome analysis of wheat seeds under severe drought stress and recovery Proteome analysis of wheat seeds under severe drought stress and recovery 245 257 5228 10.22124/jms.2021.5228 FA Parisa Koobaz Research Assistant Prof. Department of Molecular Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Manzar Heidari Researcher, Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2020 07 16 Seedling wheat spirit are tolerant to strict dehydration up to the 4th day following imbibitions. The aim of present study is investigation of responsive proteins to drought stress and recovery in seeds attached to four day seedlings. The test was done by drought stress using interruption of irrigation in two time points (10 and 20 days) and recovery for 3 and 7 days in a growth chamber. All the experiments were conducted based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.Seedlings attached to seedlings were examined for physiological and protein assays. Physiological traits showed strict drought stress level on seed and recovery could return seedlings to normal condition. 2DE done on seed of all treatments and replicates and 657 protein spots were reproducibly detected by Ag No3 staining from seeds. Finally, after significance test, 130 spots were detected by searching protein data banks. Drought stress has increased the expression of genes involved in the production of defense proteins (proline increase), the breakdown ofseed storage compounds, and the production of proteins that are effective in structural changes in the cell wall. On the other hand, reduced expression of proteins effective in respiration and protein breakdown has reduced energy consumption in cells under stress. Under re-irrigation conditions, increased expression of proteins effective in carbohydrate metabolism has led to the consumption of nutrients in seeds (reduction of seed weight) and the production of new structural proteins (presence of new leaves and roots). Seedling wheat spirit are tolerant to strict dehydration up to the 4th day following imbibitions. The aim of present study is investigation of responsive proteins to drought stress and recovery in seeds attached to four day seedlings. The test was done by drought stress using interruption of irrigation in two time points (10 and 20 days) and recovery for 3 and 7 days in a growth chamber. All the experiments were conducted based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications.Seedlings attached to seedlings were examined for physiological and protein assays. Physiological traits showed strict drought stress level on seed and recovery could return seedlings to normal condition. 2DE done on seed of all treatments and replicates and 657 protein spots were reproducibly detected by Ag No3 staining from seeds. Finally, after significance test, 130 spots were detected by searching protein data banks. Drought stress has increased the expression of genes involved in the production of defense proteins (proline increase), the breakdown ofseed storage compounds, and the production of proteins that are effective in structural changes in the cell wall. On the other hand, reduced expression of proteins effective in respiration and protein breakdown has reduced energy consumption in cells under stress. Under re-irrigation conditions, increased expression of proteins effective in carbohydrate metabolism has led to the consumption of nutrients in seeds (reduction of seed weight) and the production of new structural proteins (presence of new leaves and roots).

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5228_e1d99c9dabb99e2544581da492eab4b1.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Comparison of germination indices, morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of seeds and seedlings of guar and chickpea under the application of different concentrations of zinc and iron nanoparticles Comparison of germination indices, morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of seeds and seedlings of guar and chickpea under the application of different concentrations of zinc and iron nanoparticles 259 274 5229 10.22124/jms.2021.5229 FA Seyed HamidReza Ramazani Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Faculty of Sarayan, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Mahdi Alahresani Master of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Agricultural Faculty of University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Journal Article 2020 05 13 In order to investigate the effects of nanoparticles and their concentrations on the stages of germination, growth and development of crop plants, experiments were performed using a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design on guar and chickpea seeds as the Petri dish and pot. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of zinc and iron nanoparticles (control, 100, 200, and 300 mg.l-1) were examined on seed germination indices in petri dish cultivation and growth, physiological and biochemical traits of the mentioned plants in pot cultivation. The results of the Petri dish experiment showed that the highest percentage of germination, root resistance, and the lowest T50 were obtained under the interaction of chickpeas, iron nanoparticles, 300 mg.l-1. Also, the highest germination rate was obtained for guar and chickpea seeds at a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of the iron nanoparticle. The results of the pot experiment also showed that the maximum shoot length, dry weight of aerial part and root were achieved for the plant exposed to a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of zinc nanoparticle. Also, the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and leaf protein increased by 300 mg.l-1 of zinc nanoparticle. On the other hand, the amount of chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased under a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of the iron nanoparticle. In general, it is concluded that zinc and iron nanoparticles in the range of concentrations of 100-300 mg.l-1 had positive effects on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical indices of seeds and seedlings of guar and chickpea in these conditions. In order to investigate the effects of nanoparticles and their concentrations on the stages of germination, growth and development of crop plants, experiments were performed using a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design on guar and chickpea seeds as the Petri dish and pot. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of zinc and iron nanoparticles (control, 100, 200, and 300 mg.l-1) were examined on seed germination indices in petri dish cultivation and growth, physiological and biochemical traits of the mentioned plants in pot cultivation. The results of the Petri dish experiment showed that the highest percentage of germination, root resistance, and the lowest T50 were obtained under the interaction of chickpeas, iron nanoparticles, 300 mg.l-1. Also, the highest germination rate was obtained for guar and chickpea seeds at a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of the iron nanoparticle. The results of the pot experiment also showed that the maximum shoot length, dry weight of aerial part and root were achieved for the plant exposed to a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of zinc nanoparticle. Also, the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and leaf protein increased by 300 mg.l-1 of zinc nanoparticle. On the other hand, the amount of chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased under a concentration of 300 mg.l-1 of the iron nanoparticle. In general, it is concluded that zinc and iron nanoparticles in the range of concentrations of 100-300 mg.l-1 had positive effects on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical indices of seeds and seedlings of guar and chickpea in these conditions.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5229_f0226b7cd51938f12aa0b79101e5877f.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Evaluation of germination, morphphysiological and antioxidant enzymes of barley cultivars in tolerance to natural salinity Evaluation of germination, morphphysiological and antioxidant enzymes of barley cultivars in tolerance to natural salinity 275 292 5230 10.22124/jms.2021.5230 FA Khadijeh Ahmadi PhD student in Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Heshmat Omidi Associate Professor and member of the faculty, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran Iran Mohsen Mehrnia Master of Agroacology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Ali Ghaderi Department of Plant Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical and Vocational University of Khorasan Razavi Province, Khorasan, Iran Hossein Sabouri Fard Department of Plant Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Technical and Vocational University of Khorasan Razavi Province, Khorasan, Iran Journal Article 2020 03 16 Identification and development of salinity cultivation cultivars, one of the ways to improve performance. The development of salt-tolerant cultivars is a potentially effective approach for minimizing yield losses.In order to investigate the effects of salinity on the qualitative and quantitative traits of rainfed and irrigated barley cultivars, this experiment was conducted in Crop Physiology Laboratory of Shahed University in 2019. Experimental factors included barley cultivars (Reyhan, Jolgeh, Khorram and Izeh) in response to four salinity levels (no salinity as control and salinity of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ds/m with Qom lake salt).The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The measured traits included germination indices, photosynthetic pigments, soluble compounds and two antioxidant enzymes. Results showed that the highest germination components such as germination percentage (79.71%), germination rate (5.18 seeds per day), root length (6.55 cm), stem length (8.46 cm), longitudinal index (70.1) and the weight of the seedlings (165.17) in the absence of salinity stress.. With increasing salinity levels, RWC, membrane stability index and protein content of cultivars decreased and the content of carotenoid, proline, MDA and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were highest in salinity. Among the studied barley cultivars, Khorram had the highest percentage and rate of germination as well as soluble compounds at the highest salinity level. This cultivar appears to have significant germination and growth under salinity stress conditions. In the later stages it is possible to recommend flat and Izeh cultivars. Identification and development of salinity cultivation cultivars, one of the ways to improve performance. The development of salt-tolerant cultivars is a potentially effective approach for minimizing yield losses.In order to investigate the effects of salinity on the qualitative and quantitative traits of rainfed and irrigated barley cultivars, this experiment was conducted in Crop Physiology Laboratory of Shahed University in 2019. Experimental factors included barley cultivars (Reyhan, Jolgeh, Khorram and Izeh) in response to four salinity levels (no salinity as control and salinity of 5, 10, 15 and 20 ds/m with Qom lake salt).The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The measured traits included germination indices, photosynthetic pigments, soluble compounds and two antioxidant enzymes. Results showed that the highest germination components such as germination percentage (79.71%), germination rate (5.18 seeds per day), root length (6.55 cm), stem length (8.46 cm), longitudinal index (70.1) and the weight of the seedlings (165.17) in the absence of salinity stress.. With increasing salinity levels, RWC, membrane stability index and protein content of cultivars decreased and the content of carotenoid, proline, MDA and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were highest in salinity. Among the studied barley cultivars, Khorram had the highest percentage and rate of germination as well as soluble compounds at the highest salinity level. This cultivar appears to have significant germination and growth under salinity stress conditions. In the later stages it is possible to recommend flat and Izeh cultivars.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5230_062e33d17baa5b9d8094b56f7f9a3485.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Effect of priming on seed germination and morpho-physiological traits of Portulacaoleracea L. under salinity stress Effect of priming on seed germination and morpho-physiological traits of Portulacaoleracea L. under salinity stress 293 310 5281 10.22124/jms.2021.5281 FA Zahra Hasani Master, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Nasim Amraie Master, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Khadijeh Ahmadi PhD student in Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Heshmat Omidi Associate Professor and member of the faculty, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 01 26 Salt tolerance at the germination stage is important, because salinity is usually severeat the soil surface.Especially in cases where the groundwater level is high.In order to investigate the effect of primingand salinity stress on the quantitative and qualitative traits of P. oleracea, this experiment was conducted in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Shahed University in 2019.Experimental agents included pretreatments (control (distilled water), hydro-priming, potassium nitrate and salicylic acid) in response to 6 salinity levels (no salinity as control and salinity of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 200 mM with Sodium Chloride).This experiment was studied as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The measured traits included germination indices, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin content, proline and soluble sugars.The results showed that the highest amount of germination components such as germination percentage (97%), germination rate (2.16 seeds per day), plantletlength (6.69 cm), plantletfresh weight (4 g), plantletlength index (324.69) and RWC (75.25%) were obtained in non-salinity stress and application of hydro-priming pretreatment.At salinity levels of 60 mM, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in the hydropriming treatment increased and the highest content of proline, soluble sugars and anthocyanin was obtained at the highest salinity level.Among the studied priming levels, hydropriming at salinity stress of 200 mM had the highest percentage and seed germination rate, chlorophyll content, anthocyanin and proline. Salt tolerance at the germination stage is important, because salinity is usually severeat the soil surface.Especially in cases where the groundwater level is high.In order to investigate the effect of primingand salinity stress on the quantitative and qualitative traits of P. oleracea, this experiment was conducted in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Shahed University in 2019.Experimental agents included pretreatments (control (distilled water), hydro-priming, potassium nitrate and salicylic acid) in response to 6 salinity levels (no salinity as control and salinity of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 200 mM with Sodium Chloride).This experiment was studied as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications. The measured traits included germination indices, photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanin content, proline and soluble sugars.The results showed that the highest amount of germination components such as germination percentage (97%), germination rate (2.16 seeds per day), plantletlength (6.69 cm), plantletfresh weight (4 g), plantletlength index (324.69) and RWC (75.25%) were obtained in non-salinity stress and application of hydro-priming pretreatment.At salinity levels of 60 mM, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in the hydropriming treatment increased and the highest content of proline, soluble sugars and anthocyanin was obtained at the highest salinity level.Among the studied priming levels, hydropriming at salinity stress of 200 mM had the highest percentage and seed germination rate, chlorophyll content, anthocyanin and proline.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5281_7e1b1578c7291518110a78c1611f68fc.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 8 3 2021 09 23 Investigation of agronomic characteristics and yield stability of some medium-late maturing potato genotypes Investigation of agronomic characteristics and yield stability of some medium-late maturing potato genotypes 311 323 5282 10.22124/jms.2022.5282 FA Farshid Hassani Assistant of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Cobra Moslemkhany Associate professor of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Zahra Tahernezhad Researcher of Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2021 01 16 Potatoes play an important role in ensuring food security in Iran and many other countries due to their high yield potential.. There is a vast need for cultivars adapted and stable to Iran’s weather conditions so that evaluation of yield stability and adaptation experiments is vital. In this study, nine medium-late maturities imported genotypes along with one medium-late maturity control genotype, were cultivated in RCBD with three replications in three important cultivation sites (Khorasan Razavi, Zanjan, and Hamedan) in two years (2016, 2017). Then traits of tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, number of the main stem in a plant, plant height, number of seed tuber, total number of tuber, and finally dried matter percentage were assessed. Results showed significant differences between cultivars in different places. It was concluded by the analysis of variance (ANOVA)results that the effect of year × place × genotype has a significant difference for all evaluated traits except plant height and dried matter percentage. The Rodeo, Sifra, Fabula, Panamera, and Sagitta were selected for spring cultivation as best genotypes and Challenger genotype was suggested to be sowed by the aim of consumption in the industrial. In general, the most adapted genotypes with the highest yield tuber were Rodeo genotypes for Khorasan Razavi, Sifra, and Fabula genotypes for Zanjan, and Panamera, and Sagitta genotypes for Hamedan. Potatoes play an important role in ensuring food security in Iran and many other countries due to their high yield potential.. There is a vast need for cultivars adapted and stable to Iran’s weather conditions so that evaluation of yield stability and adaptation experiments is vital. In this study, nine medium-late maturities imported genotypes along with one medium-late maturity control genotype, were cultivated in RCBD with three replications in three important cultivation sites (Khorasan Razavi, Zanjan, and Hamedan) in two years (2016, 2017). Then traits of tuber yield, marketable tuber yield, number of the main stem in a plant, plant height, number of seed tuber, total number of tuber, and finally dried matter percentage were assessed. Results showed significant differences between cultivars in different places. It was concluded by the analysis of variance (ANOVA)results that the effect of year × place × genotype has a significant difference for all evaluated traits except plant height and dried matter percentage. The Rodeo, Sifra, Fabula, Panamera, and Sagitta were selected for spring cultivation as best genotypes and Challenger genotype was suggested to be sowed by the aim of consumption in the industrial. In general, the most adapted genotypes with the highest yield tuber were Rodeo genotypes for Khorasan Razavi, Sifra, and Fabula genotypes for Zanjan, and Panamera, and Sagitta genotypes for Hamedan.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_5282_a28fe75a375df577bfe00419d942fead.pdf