University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of drought stress and potassium foliarapplication on seed germination characteristics and seedling vigour of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Effect of drought stress and potassium foliarapplication on seed germination characteristics and seedling vigour of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 145 159 3594 10.22124/jms.2019.3594 FA Abbas Zareian Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute Aidin Hamidi Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute Farshid Hasani Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute Seyed Ali Tabatabaei Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Yazd Journal Article 2017 02 25 The effects of drought stress and potassium foliar application on seed germination and seedling vigour of wheat maternal plant, was studied. Field experiments conducted during growing season of 2011-2012 at two geographical zones: 1. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI), Karaj- Iran 2. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Yazd - Iran. The experiments were carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were three irrigation regimes; normal, mild stress (water withheld at the grain filling phase) and severe stress (water withheld at the ear emergence phase); potassium foliar treatments included, 0, 1.5% and 3.0% K2O applications and two wheat cultivars (Marvdasht and Pishtaz) and WS-82-9 line. Results indicated that seed germination percentage before seed cleaning significantly decreased by increasing drought stress. Maximum and minimum values of seed germination were obtained with WS-82-9 line under normal condition (%94.77) and Marvdasht under severe drought stress (%56.5), respectively. Seed germination after seed cleaning was increased by spraying with 3.0% K2O at Yazd (%10.47) and Karaj (%5.65). High and low seedling dry weight values were attained with WS-82-9 line under normal irrigation and sprayed with 1.5 % K2O (0.018 gr) and Marvdasht under severe drought stress and no application of potassium (0.009 gr), respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating the WS-82-9 line and sprayed with 3.0% K2O are effective, especially in case of shortage irrigation at the end of plant life cycle. The effects of drought stress and potassium foliar application on seed germination and seedling vigour of wheat maternal plant, was studied. Field experiments conducted during growing season of 2011-2012 at two geographical zones: 1. Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI), Karaj- Iran 2. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Yazd - Iran. The experiments were carried out using a split plot factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments were three irrigation regimes; normal, mild stress (water withheld at the grain filling phase) and severe stress (water withheld at the ear emergence phase); potassium foliar treatments included, 0, 1.5% and 3.0% K2O applications and two wheat cultivars (Marvdasht and Pishtaz) and WS-82-9 line. Results indicated that seed germination percentage before seed cleaning significantly decreased by increasing drought stress. Maximum and minimum values of seed germination were obtained with WS-82-9 line under normal condition (%94.77) and Marvdasht under severe drought stress (%56.5), respectively. Seed germination after seed cleaning was increased by spraying with 3.0% K2O at Yazd (%10.47) and Karaj (%5.65). High and low seedling dry weight values were attained with WS-82-9 line under normal irrigation and sprayed with 1.5 % K2O (0.018 gr) and Marvdasht under severe drought stress and no application of potassium (0.009 gr), respectively. It can be concluded that cultivating the WS-82-9 line and sprayed with 3.0% K2O are effective, especially in case of shortage irrigation at the end of plant life cycle.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3594_46f3241947640c16d651cb31d9060846.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate pretreatment on enhancing the sunflower tolerance in contaminated soils with cadmium Effect of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate pretreatment on enhancing the sunflower tolerance in contaminated soils with cadmium 161 175 3595 10.22124/jms.2019.3595 FA Najmeh Eftekhar University of Shahre Kord Seif Allah Fallah University of Shahre Kord Ali Abbasi Sooraki University of Shahre Kord Habib Khodaverdiloo University of Urmia Akram Rahimi Islamic Azad university of Doroud Journal Article 2017 05 10 In the contaminated soils, the poor plant establishment and reduction in plant biomass will reduce the efficiency of phytoremediation. In this study the effect of sunflower seed pretreatment with salicylic acid (100 mg/L) and potassium nitrate (2%) on its enhancing tolerance under different concentrations of cadmium (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were evaluated. Results showed that increasing of cadmium concentration significantly reduced the root dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and increased carotenoids, proline content and electrolyte leakage. Seed priming with salicylic acid and potassium nitrate improved the damage effect of contaminated soil with cadmium on mentioned parameters. Under cadmium stress, potassium nitrate increased stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, aboveground cadmium concentration, and translocation factor. However, salicylic acid increased root dry weight, chlorophyll b and root cadmium concentration. Under highest concentration of cadmium, electrolyte leakage and proline content were reduced by salicylic acid (by 18%, 22%, respectively). In general it can be concluded that salicylic acid and potassium nitrate with increasing photosynthesis pigments and proline content and reducing electrolyte leakage increased of sunflower tolerance in contaminated soils with cadmium In the contaminated soils, the poor plant establishment and reduction in plant biomass will reduce the efficiency of phytoremediation. In this study the effect of sunflower seed pretreatment with salicylic acid (100 mg/L) and potassium nitrate (2%) on its enhancing tolerance under different concentrations of cadmium (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were evaluated. Results showed that increasing of cadmium concentration significantly reduced the root dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and increased carotenoids, proline content and electrolyte leakage. Seed priming with salicylic acid and potassium nitrate improved the damage effect of contaminated soil with cadmium on mentioned parameters. Under cadmium stress, potassium nitrate increased stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, aboveground cadmium concentration, and translocation factor. However, salicylic acid increased root dry weight, chlorophyll b and root cadmium concentration. Under highest concentration of cadmium, electrolyte leakage and proline content were reduced by salicylic acid (by 18%, 22%, respectively). In general it can be concluded that salicylic acid and potassium nitrate with increasing photosynthesis pigments and proline content and reducing electrolyte leakage increased of sunflower tolerance in contaminated soils with cadmium

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3595_89b7ba4e8abfc2f1df51f0e04352c1b2.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of priming by salicylic acid and drought stress on seed germination and some physiological characteristics of (Echinacea angustifolia) seedling (Kalat landrac) Effect of priming by salicylic acid and drought stress on seed germination and some physiological characteristics of (Echinacea angustifolia) seedling (Kalat landrac) 177 187 3598 10.22124/jms.2019.3598 FA Arezoo Paravar University of Shahed Saeideh Maleki Farahani University of Shahed Nasrin Sadat Eisanezhad University of Shahed Reyhaneh Sadeghi University of Shahed Journal Article 2017 04 02 In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with salicylic acid coneflower)Echinacea angustifolia( seedling growth, percentage and speed of germination, length and seedling dry weight, proline and change of catalase activityunder drought stress as a factorial design trial It was conducted with three replications inShahed University of laboratory of seed Science and Technology in 2017. The treatments include salicylic acid in four levels (nonpriming, 5.0, 1 and 2 mM) and drought in four levels (control, -2, -4 and -6 bar). Parameters such as percent germination, seedling dry weight and length, proline and catalase activity were measured.The salicylic acid was effected on increases the measured parameters in concentration 1 mM.The results showed that the best concentration of salicylic acid to counter the effects of drought stress, drought stress was a concentration of 1 mM at low level. Thus, increased levels of stress hormone treatment acorns salicylic acid were not effectiveconcentrations less stress and more positive impact less on dealing with drought stress created. In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with salicylic acid coneflower)Echinacea angustifolia( seedling growth, percentage and speed of germination, length and seedling dry weight, proline and change of catalase activityunder drought stress as a factorial design trial It was conducted with three replications inShahed University of laboratory of seed Science and Technology in 2017. The treatments include salicylic acid in four levels (nonpriming, 5.0, 1 and 2 mM) and drought in four levels (control, -2, -4 and -6 bar). Parameters such as percent germination, seedling dry weight and length, proline and catalase activity were measured.The salicylic acid was effected on increases the measured parameters in concentration 1 mM.The results showed that the best concentration of salicylic acid to counter the effects of drought stress, drought stress was a concentration of 1 mM at low level. Thus, increased levels of stress hormone treatment acorns salicylic acid were not effectiveconcentrations less stress and more positive impact less on dealing with drought stress created.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3598_1d8c422dd01d92abe5a6aeb315947576.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of seed treatments on Amadori and Maillard products change and seed vigour in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) After 8 month storage Effect of seed treatments on Amadori and Maillard products change and seed vigour in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) After 8 month storage 189 201 3599 10.22124/jms.2019.3599 FA Leila Yari University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Mohammad Sedghi University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Aidin Hamidi Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute (SPCRI) Raoof Seyed Sharifi University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Journal Article 2017 08 02 This study was conducted to investigate the role of polyamines (PAs) as priming agents on seed quality and vigour change with different moisture content (Mc)(14,16,18%) under 8 month storage conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) c.v Usef. Experimental units were arranged factorialy in a completely randomized design with four replications for two years. The seeds were harvested at three initial moisture contents including 18, 16, 14% using wet weight basis. The seed samples then were sealed in polythene bags and stored in conditioned storages for 8 months. After that for seed priming, seeds were soaked in aerated solution of Spermine (Spm), Puterscine (Put), and Spermidine (Spd) and distilled water (W), also untreated seeds used as control. The result in two years indicated that seed treatments significantly increased the seed viability and normall seedling percentage. Interaction between seed moisture content × seed treatments were significant (P<0.01) for Amadori and Maillard products. Mximum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for control (untreated seeds) and 14% MC .Whereas, minimum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for Spm seed treatment and 18% MC. Meanwhile, Amadori and Maillard products were reduced in all seed treatments.By increasing Amadori and Maillard products of seed, seedling vigour and seed viability decreased. It suggests that this technique could apply especially for improving vigor of barley seeds in at the end of storage period or at least one month before of this period. Generally, the effectiveness of PAs on improving seedling vigor was more pronounced in Spermine treatment. This study was conducted to investigate the role of polyamines (PAs) as priming agents on seed quality and vigour change with different moisture content (Mc)(14,16,18%) under 8 month storage conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) c.v Usef. Experimental units were arranged factorialy in a completely randomized design with four replications for two years. The seeds were harvested at three initial moisture contents including 18, 16, 14% using wet weight basis. The seed samples then were sealed in polythene bags and stored in conditioned storages for 8 months. After that for seed priming, seeds were soaked in aerated solution of Spermine (Spm), Puterscine (Put), and Spermidine (Spd) and distilled water (W), also untreated seeds used as control. The result in two years indicated that seed treatments significantly increased the seed viability and normall seedling percentage. Interaction between seed moisture content × seed treatments were significant (P<0.01) for Amadori and Maillard products. Mximum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for control (untreated seeds) and 14% MC .Whereas, minimum Amadori and Maillard product was detected for Spm seed treatment and 18% MC. Meanwhile, Amadori and Maillard products were reduced in all seed treatments.By increasing Amadori and Maillard products of seed, seedling vigour and seed viability decreased. It suggests that this technique could apply especially for improving vigor of barley seeds in at the end of storage period or at least one month before of this period. Generally, the effectiveness of PAs on improving seedling vigor was more pronounced in Spermine treatment.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3599_7aba28cc01570f7c1277e4201d482003.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effects of priming on seed germination characteristics and fatty acids content in marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds under UV stress and temperature Effects of priming on seed germination characteristics and fatty acids content in marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds under UV stress and temperature 203 214 3600 10.22124/jms.2019.3600 FA Manoochehr Akbari Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord, Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Mehrab Yadegari Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Behzad Hamedi Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Journal Article 2018 01 16 In order to investigate the effects of seed priming on seed germination indices and fatty acids of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds under ultraviolet radiation and temperature, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The levels of treatments contained of 8 types of priming (200 and 400 mg.l-1 of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate, -5 and -10 bar levels of polyethylene glycol, hydroperiming and control), two temperature levels (20 and 25 ° C) and two levels of ultraviolet radiation (0 and 15 minutes with 220 gms with 3 k.Gy intensity). The results showed that the use of gibberellic acid at concentration of 200 mg.l-1 could largely eliminate the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Significant excesses in germination traits such as germination percentage and seed vigour were observed in seeds treated with gibberellic acid. There was a positive interaction of this hormone with other treatments. The highest seed vigour and fatty acids content were observed in 200 mg.l-1 gibberellic acid treatment without ultraviolet irradiation at 20 ° C. In order to investigate the effects of seed priming on seed germination indices and fatty acids of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seeds under ultraviolet radiation and temperature, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The levels of treatments contained of 8 types of priming (200 and 400 mg.l-1 of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate, -5 and -10 bar levels of polyethylene glycol, hydroperiming and control), two temperature levels (20 and 25 ° C) and two levels of ultraviolet radiation (0 and 15 minutes with 220 gms with 3 k.Gy intensity). The results showed that the use of gibberellic acid at concentration of 200 mg.l-1 could largely eliminate the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Significant excesses in germination traits such as germination percentage and seed vigour were observed in seeds treated with gibberellic acid. There was a positive interaction of this hormone with other treatments. The highest seed vigour and fatty acids content were observed in 200 mg.l-1 gibberellic acid treatment without ultraviolet irradiation at 20 ° C.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3600_05c8e7c81dbdf1fab9129212b5b86d71.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of MS and N6 media and auxin and cytokinin hormones on regeneration of bread wheat lines from coleoptile explants Effect of MS and N6 media and auxin and cytokinin hormones on regeneration of bread wheat lines from coleoptile explants 215 227 3601 10.22124/jms.2019.3601 FA Ali Akbar Gholami Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz AliReza Tarinezhad Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz Journal Article 2018 01 15 Optimizing tissue culture for the gene transfer process and the preparation of plants free from bacterial and viral diseases is necessary. This experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the Biotechnology Laboratory of the agricultural faculty of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani university in 2016. In wheat Various explants such as inflorescences, mature embryos and adult embryos have been used for tissue culture. One of the major disadvantages of monocots plants is that when the adult embryo is used as an explant, the frequency of regeneration of callus decreases in comparison with immature embryos. In this experiment, for wheat regeneration was used two different media: MS and N6, and different auxin and cytokines hormones. The results showed that the best genotype for regeneration was CD-9 and among different cytokine hormones, the best was BAP hormone containing 2 mg / L, and among different hormones of auxin, the highest regeneration obtained in the medium containing 1 mg / L IAA with BA 1mg / L. In MS culture medium, the highest regeneration rate was observed for MS(3) medium and in N6 medium, regeneration was highest for N6(3). Comparison of MS medium with N6 in regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that MS medium is better. Optimizing tissue culture for the gene transfer process and the preparation of plants free from bacterial and viral diseases is necessary. This experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications in the Biotechnology Laboratory of the agricultural faculty of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani university in 2016. In wheat Various explants such as inflorescences, mature embryos and adult embryos have been used for tissue culture. One of the major disadvantages of monocots plants is that when the adult embryo is used as an explant, the frequency of regeneration of callus decreases in comparison with immature embryos. In this experiment, for wheat regeneration was used two different media: MS and N6, and different auxin and cytokines hormones. The results showed that the best genotype for regeneration was CD-9 and among different cytokine hormones, the best was BAP hormone containing 2 mg / L, and among different hormones of auxin, the highest regeneration obtained in the medium containing 1 mg / L IAA with BA 1mg / L. In MS culture medium, the highest regeneration rate was observed for MS(3) medium and in N6 medium, regeneration was highest for N6(3). Comparison of MS medium with N6 in regeneration of wheat cultivars showed that MS medium is better.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3601_cb1e4c26b4b440fbfe22dd725fb063a6.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of hormone priming and deterioration of seed germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in corn cultivars seed (Zea mays L.) Effect of hormone priming and deterioration of seed germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in corn cultivars seed (Zea mays L.) 229 243 3602 10.22124/jms.2019.3602 FA Saeideh Rashidi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Polytechnic University of Shahrood Hamid Abbasdokht Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Polytechnic University of Shahrood Ahmad Gholami Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Polytechnic University of Shahrood Reza TavakkolAfshari Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2017 10 13 Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducer factors and germination limiting. An evaluation effective factors on seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity corn deteriorated seed the experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2015.This exam was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatment include varieties factor at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging factor at 4 levels (0,5,10,15 day) and hormone factor at 2 levels (gibberellin hormone and cytokinin hormone). Seed deterioration reduces germination indexes and reduces peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity.Treatments deterioraterd seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activity. The cytokinin hormone was more effective than gibberellin hormone in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. The results indicated seed aging decrease the activity of enzymes and plant hormones to tittle agronomy achievement reduced damage recovery using low vigor seeds. 704 cultivar, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than 260 cultivar. Deterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducer factors and germination limiting. An evaluation effective factors on seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity corn deteriorated seed the experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2015.This exam was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatment include varieties factor at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging factor at 4 levels (0,5,10,15 day) and hormone factor at 2 levels (gibberellin hormone and cytokinin hormone). Seed deterioration reduces germination indexes and reduces peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity.Treatments deterioraterd seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activity. The cytokinin hormone was more effective than gibberellin hormone in increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. The results indicated seed aging decrease the activity of enzymes and plant hormones to tittle agronomy achievement reduced damage recovery using low vigor seeds. 704 cultivar, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than 260 cultivar.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3602_d3f5c57daecae2e45ffc0eae55b7f81e.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of drought stress and salinity on germination, soluble carbohydrates and proline of Atriplex halimus Effect of drought stress and salinity on germination, soluble carbohydrates and proline of Atriplex halimus 245 255 3603 10.22124/jms.2019.3603 FA Azadeh Deilam Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Hamed Rohani Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Hosein Sabouri Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad-Kavoos Ebrahim Gholam Ali Pooralmadari Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad-Kavoos Journal Article 2017 12 13 Drought stress and salinity are one of the most important limiting factor in plant growth. Accordingly, in order to investigate the characteristics of germination, soluble carbohydrates and proline Atriplex halimus in the face of drought stress and salinity in germination and seedling stage, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress and salinity tests were carried out at 5 levels including 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 bar, which were subjected to two separate experiments using mannitol and sodium chloride, respectively. The results of this study showed that the effect of drought stress and salinity on germination percentage and germination rate, root and shoot length, seed vigor index, shoot and root dry weight, soluble carbohydrate and proline A. halimus Had a significant effect on the level of one percent. Comparison of mean showed that all germination traits decreased with increasing dryness and salinity. Maximum radicle length was observed in 4 times dry and salinity treatments. In all saline treatments, the plant was capable of germination. However, germination mannitol was observed at drought stress levels up to 12 bar. The content of proline and soluble carbohydrates also increased significantly with increasing salinity and drought stress. Generally, the germination and morphological indices of the studied species tolerated salinity conditions better than drought. Also, in the germination stage, it is sensitive to stress in the seedling and the occurrence of stress in these conditions can reduce the percentage and rate of germination. Drought stress and salinity are one of the most important limiting factor in plant growth. Accordingly, in order to investigate the characteristics of germination, soluble carbohydrates and proline Atriplex halimus in the face of drought stress and salinity in germination and seedling stage, two separate experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Drought stress and salinity tests were carried out at 5 levels including 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 bar, which were subjected to two separate experiments using mannitol and sodium chloride, respectively. The results of this study showed that the effect of drought stress and salinity on germination percentage and germination rate, root and shoot length, seed vigor index, shoot and root dry weight, soluble carbohydrate and proline A. halimus Had a significant effect on the level of one percent. Comparison of mean showed that all germination traits decreased with increasing dryness and salinity. Maximum radicle length was observed in 4 times dry and salinity treatments. In all saline treatments, the plant was capable of germination. However, germination mannitol was observed at drought stress levels up to 12 bar. The content of proline and soluble carbohydrates also increased significantly with increasing salinity and drought stress. Generally, the germination and morphological indices of the studied species tolerated salinity conditions better than drought. Also, in the germination stage, it is sensitive to stress in the seedling and the occurrence of stress in these conditions can reduce the percentage and rate of germination.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3603_52ff5860fab915493882d4b32390862e.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effect of Osmopriming, Hormonal priming and Hydropriming on the enhancement of aged seed germination and seedling growth of Tansey (Tanacetum polycephalum) Effect of Osmopriming, Hormonal priming and Hydropriming on the enhancement of aged seed germination and seedling growth of Tansey (Tanacetum polycephalum) 257 267 3604 10.22124/jms.2019.3604 FA Mohtaram Zarnoosheh Farahani Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch Ali Ashraf Jafari Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland Mohammad Ali Alizadeh Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland Journal Article 2016 06 27 In order to study of Salsalic acid and Ascorbic acid pretreatments on the enhancement of aged seed germination and seedling growth of Tanacetum polycephalum in laboratory condition, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in seed technology laboratory in research institute of forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran in 2015. The factors A were seed deterioration in four levels as: seed preservation in basic cold room (-18°C), active cold room (+4°C), aged seeds (by Incubation in saturated humidity and temperature 41°C for 48h), and control. Factor B were seven levels of seed priming as: osmopriming (PEG -0.3Mpa), hormone priming (250 and 500 ppm of Ascorbic acid and Salsilic acid), hydro priming (distilled water) and control. Data were collected for germination traits as percentage and speed of germination, primary root, shoot seedling length, vigor index and seedling fresh weight. Result of analysis of variance showed significant differences between seed deteriorations and seed priming levels for all of traits expect seedling fresh weight (P<0.01) and their interaction effects were significant for all traits except root length and vigor index (P<0.01). Result of seed deterioration treatments showed that the higher root length with average values of 21.31 and 19.73 cm and higher vigor index with average values of 32.01 and 20.81 were obtained in basic and active cold room, respectively, indicating the positive effects of cold temperature on increasing 8 and 52% of latter traits in base store than that for active store. The mean comparisons of priming technique showed that both osmo-(PEG) and hydro priming (distilled water) had significant effects on increasing root length and vigor index. The result of priming by seed deteriorations interactions for aged seed showed that the higher mean values for seed germination and speed of germination were obtained by hydropriming and higher mean values of shoot and seedling length were obtained by hormonal-priming (Ascorbic acid 500 ppm). In order to study of Salsalic acid and Ascorbic acid pretreatments on the enhancement of aged seed germination and seedling growth of Tanacetum polycephalum in laboratory condition, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in seed technology laboratory in research institute of forests and rangeland, Tehran, Iran in 2015. The factors A were seed deterioration in four levels as: seed preservation in basic cold room (-18°C), active cold room (+4°C), aged seeds (by Incubation in saturated humidity and temperature 41°C for 48h), and control. Factor B were seven levels of seed priming as: osmopriming (PEG -0.3Mpa), hormone priming (250 and 500 ppm of Ascorbic acid and Salsilic acid), hydro priming (distilled water) and control. Data were collected for germination traits as percentage and speed of germination, primary root, shoot seedling length, vigor index and seedling fresh weight. Result of analysis of variance showed significant differences between seed deteriorations and seed priming levels for all of traits expect seedling fresh weight (P<0.01) and their interaction effects were significant for all traits except root length and vigor index (P<0.01). Result of seed deterioration treatments showed that the higher root length with average values of 21.31 and 19.73 cm and higher vigor index with average values of 32.01 and 20.81 were obtained in basic and active cold room, respectively, indicating the positive effects of cold temperature on increasing 8 and 52% of latter traits in base store than that for active store. The mean comparisons of priming technique showed that both osmo-(PEG) and hydro priming (distilled water) had significant effects on increasing root length and vigor index. The result of priming by seed deteriorations interactions for aged seed showed that the higher mean values for seed germination and speed of germination were obtained by hydropriming and higher mean values of shoot and seedling length were obtained by hormonal-priming (Ascorbic acid 500 ppm).

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3604_20548df41e1c430d1cbd231fc8b1f217.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 6 2 2019 08 23 Effects of selenium on damage of heavy metals in germination, growth and antioxidant activities ofcucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling Effects of selenium on damage of heavy metals in germination, growth and antioxidant activities ofcucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling 269 286 3605 10.22124/jms.2019.3605 FA Hosein Aroei Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Leila Shekari Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Amin Mirshekari Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj Journal Article 2015 11 23 Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant and antivirus function and it can increase plant growthand tolerance to environmental stress.Inthis study, the effects of selenium in stress conditions caused by heavy metals cadmium, nickel and lead in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Super Dominus) was investigated.The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in three replications for two germination tests .The first experiment was carried out to determine the optimal effectiveness of selenium and heavy metal toxicity threshold levels, Which contains levels of selenium (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 mgL-1) from sodium selenate, cadmium (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 µM) from cadmium chloride, nickel (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µM) from nickel chloride and lead (0, 20, 40, 60, 100 µM) from lead chloride sources. The second experiment were consisted of two levels of selenium (0, 8 mgL-1) and toxicity threshold levels of heavy metals, including cadmium (0, 25 µM), nickel (0, 200 µM) and lead (0, 100 µM) treatments.The results showed that the germination index was significantly reduced as presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in the medium of cucumber seed germination. However, the application of selenium was improves the rate and percentage of germination, increase the length of shoot and root and seedling wet and dry weight in stress condition.Selenium was significantly increased cell membrane stability and decrease malondialdehyde under stress condition.Selenium improved antioxidant activity and increase activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyms in heavy metal toxicity condition .In general, the results of this study showed that the optimum concentration of selenium was reduces symptoms of toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals incucumber seedgermination mediumas improving germination, growth and antioxidant activity. Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant and antivirus function and it can increase plant growthand tolerance to environmental stress.Inthis study, the effects of selenium in stress conditions caused by heavy metals cadmium, nickel and lead in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv Super Dominus) was investigated.The research was conducted using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in three replications for two germination tests .The first experiment was carried out to determine the optimal effectiveness of selenium and heavy metal toxicity threshold levels, Which contains levels of selenium (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 mgL-1) from sodium selenate, cadmium (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 µM) from cadmium chloride, nickel (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µM) from nickel chloride and lead (0, 20, 40, 60, 100 µM) from lead chloride sources. The second experiment were consisted of two levels of selenium (0, 8 mgL-1) and toxicity threshold levels of heavy metals, including cadmium (0, 25 µM), nickel (0, 200 µM) and lead (0, 100 µM) treatments.The results showed that the germination index was significantly reduced as presence of toxic concentrations of heavy metals in the medium of cucumber seed germination. However, the application of selenium was improves the rate and percentage of germination, increase the length of shoot and root and seedling wet and dry weight in stress condition.Selenium was significantly increased cell membrane stability and decrease malondialdehyde under stress condition.Selenium improved antioxidant activity and increase activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzyms in heavy metal toxicity condition .In general, the results of this study showed that the optimum concentration of selenium was reduces symptoms of toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals incucumber seedgermination mediumas improving germination, growth and antioxidant activity.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_3605_9564928898fa7c6e1b6332d8c8209b79.pdf