University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 Seed collection and evaluation of Iranian millets genetic resources Seed collection and evaluation of Iranian millets genetic resources 1 14 8035 10.22124/jms.2024.8035 FA MohammadReza Abbasi Researchers and Faculty members, Horticarltural and Crop Departments, Research Centers of Agricultures and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Abdollah Hasanzadeh Researchers and Faculty members, Horticarltural and Crop Departments, Research Centers of Agricultures and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Journal Article 2024 02 05 Millets have short growth cycle, and tolerant to drought and salt conditions, so they are good candidate to produce fodder in marginal lands. There are many millet landraces in the country. Development and extension of new varieties and farms or changing in cropping patterns result to extinct local landraces. This study was conducted to collect of millets landraces all over the country. Totally, 140 accessions were collected consisted of 85 accessions of common millet, and 55 accessions of foxtail from 15 provinces. Geographical altitude of the collection sites differed from 820 to 1970 m. Some millet germplasms collected from high salty lands. Statistically, as well as correlation coefficients were calculated for 25 characteristics of the collection site and 10 seed traits. There were good levels of diversity for seed traits in 2 studied crops. Endosperm texture differed from completely waxy to completely starchy in the 2 species. Pearson correlation coefficients showed there was a positive significant correlation between geographical altitude and grain color (p<0.01, r= 0.583), in the fox tail millets. During this study the Iranian millet genetic resources increased to 90% of the first collection. Since there were high levels of genetic diversity for grain characters, it can be expected for other agro-morphological traits too, that makes the collection suitable for millet breeding. Millets have short growth cycle, and tolerant to drought and salt conditions, so they are good candidate to produce fodder in marginal lands. There are many millet landraces in the country. Development and extension of new varieties and farms or changing in cropping patterns result to extinct local landraces. This study was conducted to collect of millets landraces all over the country. Totally, 140 accessions were collected consisted of 85 accessions of common millet, and 55 accessions of foxtail from 15 provinces. Geographical altitude of the collection sites differed from 820 to 1970 m. Some millet germplasms collected from high salty lands. Statistically, as well as correlation coefficients were calculated for 25 characteristics of the collection site and 10 seed traits. There were good levels of diversity for seed traits in 2 studied crops. Endosperm texture differed from completely waxy to completely starchy in the 2 species. Pearson correlation coefficients showed there was a positive significant correlation between geographical altitude and grain color (p<0.01, r= 0.583), in the fox tail millets. During this study the Iranian millet genetic resources increased to 90% of the first collection. Since there were high levels of genetic diversity for grain characters, it can be expected for other agro-morphological traits too, that makes the collection suitable for millet breeding.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8035_aa8c528440c4cf4256b9c8f5319d8255.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 The effect of priming on seed germination indices and antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea seedlings (Cicer arietinum L.) under salinity stress The effect of priming on seed germination indices and antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea seedlings (Cicer arietinum L.) under salinity stress 15 29 8036 10.22124/jms.2024.8036 FA Haniyeh Saadat Ph.D of Crop Ecology, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mohammad Sedghi Professor of Crop Physiology, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2024 04 01 In order to investigate the effect of priming on seed germination indices and antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea seedlings under salinity stress and an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023 with 3 replications. Treatments were four salinity levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM Derived from sodium chloride) and four levels of priming (without priming (control), hydropriming, priming with gibberellin (50 ppm) and salicylic acid (100 ppm)). The results showed that salinity stress reduced germination percentage (GP), daily germination coefficient (DGC), plumlue fresh weight (PFW). But seed priming with distilled water, salicylic acid, especially gibberellin improved these traits. Salinity increased the mean germination time (MGT), so that the highest (0.0387 seed per day) was observed at salinity of 100 Mm. The highest radicle fresh weight (RFW) (110.967 mg), radicle dry weight (RDW) (19.600 mg), plumule dry weight (PDW) (14.667 mg), seed length and weight vigor index (SLVI and SWVI) (12.041and 3.288) were observed in priming with gibberellin and control. The activity of catalase and glutathione enzymes reductase in priming with gibberellin were the application 66 and 42% higher than the control. The activity of peroxidase (enzyme in gibberellin treatment and salinity of 100 mM compared to the control showed an increase about 96%. Also. lowest amylase (2.1384 mg g-1 FW min-1) was obtained in salinity of 100 mM. In general, the results showed that gibberellin by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and neutralizing free radicals can reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress on some traits in chickpea seedlings and improve seedling growth In order to investigate the effect of priming on seed germination indices and antioxidant enzyme activity in chickpea seedlings under salinity stress and an experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2023 with 3 replications. Treatments were four salinity levels (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM Derived from sodium chloride) and four levels of priming (without priming (control), hydropriming, priming with gibberellin (50 ppm) and salicylic acid (100 ppm)). The results showed that salinity stress reduced germination percentage (GP), daily germination coefficient (DGC), plumlue fresh weight (PFW). But seed priming with distilled water, salicylic acid, especially gibberellin improved these traits. Salinity increased the mean germination time (MGT), so that the highest (0.0387 seed per day) was observed at salinity of 100 Mm. The highest radicle fresh weight (RFW) (110.967 mg), radicle dry weight (RDW) (19.600 mg), plumule dry weight (PDW) (14.667 mg), seed length and weight vigor index (SLVI and SWVI) (12.041and 3.288) were observed in priming with gibberellin and control. The activity of catalase and glutathione enzymes reductase in priming with gibberellin were the application 66 and 42% higher than the control. The activity of peroxidase (enzyme in gibberellin treatment and salinity of 100 mM compared to the control showed an increase about 96%. Also. lowest amylase (2.1384 mg g-1 FW min-1) was obtained in salinity of 100 mM. In general, the results showed that gibberellin by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and neutralizing free radicals can reduce the harmful effects of salinity stress on some traits in chickpea seedlings and improve seedling growth

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8036_102efcac391c278efc724dacc178e6c3.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 Ex-situ seed longevity of Nepeta spp. Ex-situ seed longevity of Nepeta spp. 31 49 8037 10.22124/jms.2024.8037 FA Parvin Salehi Shanjani Research Associate Professor, Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Leila Rasoulzadeh Researcher, Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Mohsen Calagari Research Associate Professor, Poplar and Fast Gowing Trees Research Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Leila Falah Hoseini Researcher, Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Hamideh Javadi Research Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 06 Extended seed longevity in the dry state is the basis for the ex-situ conservation of orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant seeds). However, even under identical storage conditions, there is wide variation in seed longevity between species. The results of the artificial aging test provide seed bank managers a tool to assess the potential longevity of seed sets of these species under seed bank conditions, to enable the selection of appropriate viability retest intervals and, as a result, better management of conservation accessions. In the present work, seeds of nine wild species of Nepata spp. were aged at elevated temperature and relative humidity (45°C and 60% RH) for 120 days. Seeds were removed at various times (1, 2, 5, 9, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100 and 125 days) and their viability was determined through standard germination tests. The time taken in storage for viability to fall to 50% (p50) was determined using Probit analysis and used as a measure of relative seed longevity between species. Among Nepeta species, p50 at 45°C and 60% RH varied from 4.38 d to 16 d. Results indicated that based on the artificial aging longevity, in the gene banks the germination test intervals of species N. pogonosperma, N. haussknechtii, N. glomerulosa, N. cataria, N. depauperata can be ten years. But the germination test intervals of N. menthoides, N. nuda, N. schirazana and N. oxydonata should be five years, and even re-collecting their seeds can be a more appropriate strategy to protect them in ex-situ conditions. Extended seed longevity in the dry state is the basis for the ex-situ conservation of orthodox seeds (desiccation-tolerant seeds). However, even under identical storage conditions, there is wide variation in seed longevity between species. The results of the artificial aging test provide seed bank managers a tool to assess the potential longevity of seed sets of these species under seed bank conditions, to enable the selection of appropriate viability retest intervals and, as a result, better management of conservation accessions. In the present work, seeds of nine wild species of Nepata spp. were aged at elevated temperature and relative humidity (45°C and 60% RH) for 120 days. Seeds were removed at various times (1, 2, 5, 9, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100 and 125 days) and their viability was determined through standard germination tests. The time taken in storage for viability to fall to 50% (p50) was determined using Probit analysis and used as a measure of relative seed longevity between species. Among Nepeta species, p50 at 45°C and 60% RH varied from 4.38 d to 16 d. Results indicated that based on the artificial aging longevity, in the gene banks the germination test intervals of species N. pogonosperma, N. haussknechtii, N. glomerulosa, N. cataria, N. depauperata can be ten years. But the germination test intervals of N. menthoides, N. nuda, N. schirazana and N. oxydonata should be five years, and even re-collecting their seeds can be a more appropriate strategy to protect them in ex-situ conditions.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8037_75b9cfdbed5419e3d52f1da049094fc3.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 Quantification of germination response of two sugar beet cultivars to temperature and salinity: nonlinear regression models Quantification of germination response of two sugar beet cultivars to temperature and salinity: nonlinear regression models 51 67 8038 10.22124/jms.2024.8038 FA Esmaeil Shirghani PhD student of Agronomy, Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran Majid Rahimizadeh Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Maryam Tatari Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran MohammadReza Tookaloo Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Bojnourd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bojnourd, Iran Journal Article 2023 11 07 This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of salinity stress and different temperatures on germination and determining the cardinal temperatures of germination (basic, optimal and ceiling germination temperatures) of two sugar beet cultivars. Experimental treatments included different levels of salinity stress (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) and different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C). The three-parameter sigmoidal model was used to determine the time to reach 50% germination. The results showed that temperature and salinity stress had an effect on germination percentage and germination rate. In addition, the results showed that with increasing temperature up to optimum temperature, the germination percentage and germination rate increased, and with increasing salinity stress, the germination percentage and also the germination rate decreased. The germination percentage and germination rate in Brigitta variety was higher than that of Shokofa variety. According to the RMSE, CV, R2Adj, SE parameters, the beta model was the most suitable model for both sugar beet cultivars. In the Brigitta variety, the base temperature is between 3.67 and 5 °C, the optimal temperature is between 16.67 and 26.35 °C, and the roof temperature is between 40.10 and 40.89 °C, and in the shokofa variety, the base temperature is between 2.88 and 2.80 °C. 5.65, the optimum temperature varied between 16.11 and 26.47 °C and the ceiling temperature between 39.94 and 42.94 °C. The obtained results showed that the percentage and speed of germination in Brigitta variety under salinity stress conditions and different temperatures was higher than that of Shokofa variety, but there was no significant difference between the two varieties in terms of cardinal temperatures. Therefore, by using the output of these models at different temperatures, it is possible to predict the germination speed at different potentials. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of salinity stress and different temperatures on germination and determining the cardinal temperatures of germination (basic, optimal and ceiling germination temperatures) of two sugar beet cultivars. Experimental treatments included different levels of salinity stress (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) and different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C). The three-parameter sigmoidal model was used to determine the time to reach 50% germination. The results showed that temperature and salinity stress had an effect on germination percentage and germination rate. In addition, the results showed that with increasing temperature up to optimum temperature, the germination percentage and germination rate increased, and with increasing salinity stress, the germination percentage and also the germination rate decreased. The germination percentage and germination rate in Brigitta variety was higher than that of Shokofa variety. According to the RMSE, CV, R2Adj, SE parameters, the beta model was the most suitable model for both sugar beet cultivars. In the Brigitta variety, the base temperature is between 3.67 and 5 °C, the optimal temperature is between 16.67 and 26.35 °C, and the roof temperature is between 40.10 and 40.89 °C, and in the shokofa variety, the base temperature is between 2.88 and 2.80 °C. 5.65, the optimum temperature varied between 16.11 and 26.47 °C and the ceiling temperature between 39.94 and 42.94 °C. The obtained results showed that the percentage and speed of germination in Brigitta variety under salinity stress conditions and different temperatures was higher than that of Shokofa variety, but there was no significant difference between the two varieties in terms of cardinal temperatures. Therefore, by using the output of these models at different temperatures, it is possible to predict the germination speed at different potentials.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8038_96c702878780cb442735b99129e7c58f.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 Evaluation of improving Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) seed germination with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles under salinity stress Evaluation of improving Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) seed germination with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles under salinity stress 69 87 8039 10.22124/jms.2024.8039 FA Fatemeh Ahmadnia Ph.D Graduated, Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Ali Ebadi Professor, Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2024 06 16 Salinity is one of the limiting stresses on agricultural production. The high potential of Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as a tropical and semi-tropical plant and its scientific and industrial uses caused to investigate its germination potential under saline condition and improving it by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. An experiment conducted in 2023 in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University as factorial based on randomized complete design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different concentrations of seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 0.5, and 1mM) and salinity stress (0, -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa) using sodium chloride. The results indicated that the osmotic potentials of -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa significantly reduced the germination percentage (10.56, 20.49, and 31.26%), radicle length (68.00, 88.52, and91.24%), and plumule length (46.92, 82.59, and 89.87%). Nano priming of seeds by 1 mM increased radicle (25.40%) and plumule length (24.87%) compared to no priming. Also, nano priming enhanced catalase activity by 15.92, 10.18, and 1.35% and proline content by 17.81, 6.26, and 8.40% at osmotic potentials of -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa. Nano priming at a concentration of 1 mM decreased lipid peroxidation by 30.92, 41.59, and 36.74% at -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa osmotic potentials. The results of this study, in addition to reporting the germination ability of Sunn hemp seeds under salinity stress of1.2 MPa, emphasized the improvement of germination and related indices by using seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles at a 1mM. Salinity is one of the limiting stresses on agricultural production. The high potential of Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as a tropical and semi-tropical plant and its scientific and industrial uses caused to investigate its germination potential under saline condition and improving it by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. An experiment conducted in 2023 in the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mohaghegh Ardabili University as factorial based on randomized complete design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different concentrations of seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 0.5, and 1mM) and salinity stress (0, -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa) using sodium chloride. The results indicated that the osmotic potentials of -0.4, -0.8, and -1.2 MPa significantly reduced the germination percentage (10.56, 20.49, and 31.26%), radicle length (68.00, 88.52, and91.24%), and plumule length (46.92, 82.59, and 89.87%). Nano priming of seeds by 1 mM increased radicle (25.40%) and plumule length (24.87%) compared to no priming. Also, nano priming enhanced catalase activity by 15.92, 10.18, and 1.35% and proline content by 17.81, 6.26, and 8.40% at osmotic potentials of -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa. Nano priming at a concentration of 1 mM decreased lipid peroxidation by 30.92, 41.59, and 36.74% at -0.4, -0.8 and -1.2 MPa osmotic potentials. The results of this study, in addition to reporting the germination ability of Sunn hemp seeds under salinity stress of1.2 MPa, emphasized the improvement of germination and related indices by using seed priming with titanium dioxide nanoparticles at a 1mM.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8039_f54f706b822a30291411b974d2522423.pdf

University of Guilan Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2476-3780 11 1 2024 03 20 The effect of salicylic acid on some seed quality characteristics and yield components of spring barley under flooded stress in greenhouse conditions The effect of salicylic acid on some seed quality characteristics and yield components of spring barley under flooded stress in greenhouse conditions 89 102 8040 10.22124/jms.2024.8040 FA Saeed Khomari Associate Professor, Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mohammadreza Asghari Ph.D student, Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Maryam Sabouri MSc. Graduated, Seed Science and Technology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Mohammad Sedghi Professor, Crop Physiology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Salim Farzaneh Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 08 This research was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the quality characteristics of barley seeds. Therefore, this factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in greenhouse complex at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 1402-1403. This study considered three factors of waterlogging stress, concentrations of salicylic acid, and time of foliar application of hormone. So the foliar application of salicylic acid in four concentrations (zero, one, two, and four mM) and two stages (the last day of flooding and during the growth recovery period) and waterlogging stress at two levels (control and application of waterlogging condition at the end of stem elongation) were applied. The results showed that waterlogging stress had an effect on most of the morphological traits of the plant and also on the quality characteristics of the barley seeds except for the number of leaves, the number of fertile spikes in the plant, and the number of non-fertile spikes in the plant and caused a decrease in these traits. On the other hand, foliar spraying of salicylic acid compensated for this decrease in the mentioned traits. So in these traits, the effect of salicylic acid in the second foliar spraying was greater than the first foliar spraying; and in both times, the concentration of 4 mM had the greatest effect on the aforementioned traits. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the quality characteristics of barley seeds. Therefore, this factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design in greenhouse complex at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during 1402-1403. This study considered three factors of waterlogging stress, concentrations of salicylic acid, and time of foliar application of hormone. So the foliar application of salicylic acid in four concentrations (zero, one, two, and four mM) and two stages (the last day of flooding and during the growth recovery period) and waterlogging stress at two levels (control and application of waterlogging condition at the end of stem elongation) were applied. The results showed that waterlogging stress had an effect on most of the morphological traits of the plant and also on the quality characteristics of the barley seeds except for the number of leaves, the number of fertile spikes in the plant, and the number of non-fertile spikes in the plant and caused a decrease in these traits. On the other hand, foliar spraying of salicylic acid compensated for this decrease in the mentioned traits. So in these traits, the effect of salicylic acid in the second foliar spraying was greater than the first foliar spraying; and in both times, the concentration of 4 mM had the greatest effect on the aforementioned traits.

https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_8040_e53bb067703a13ea97d48fddeadbc559.pdf