اثر هالوژناسیون، محتوای رطوبت و نوع بسته‌بندی بر انبارمانی بذر برنج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

2 موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

10.22124/jms.2023.22414.1720

چکیده

هالوژناسیون، کاهش محتوای رطوبت بذر و بسته‌بندی مناسب از روش‌های کاربردی هستند که می‌توانند نقش موثری در حفظ حیات بذر طی دوره انبارمانی داشته‌باشند. این تحقیق بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به اجرا در ‌‌آمد. فاکتورها شامل نوع بسته‌بندی در دو سطح (بسته‌بندی تک‌لایه و دو‌لایه)، هالوژناسیون بذر در چهار سطح (صفر، 3، 6 و 9 گرم به ازای هر کیلو‌گرم بذر)، محتوای رطوبت شلتوک (بر پایه تر) در سه سطح (7/17-17 درصد،
12-11 درصد و 10-9 درصد) و مدت زمان انبارمانی در سه سطح (بدون انبارمانی، شش ماه و یک‌سال انبارمانی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد پس از یک‌سال انبارمانی، کمترین درصد جوانه‌زنی با مقدار 92/47 درصد متعلق به بذر با محتوای رطوبت 7/17-17 درصد بود و بذور با محتوای رطوبت 12-11 و 10-9 درصد، جوانه‌زنی بالای 97 درصد نشان دادند. شاخص بنیه بذر در بسته‌بندی دو‌لایه، پس از شش و یک‌سال انبارمانی، به ترتیب 82/13 و63/21 درصد و در بسته‌بندی تک‌لایه به ترتیب 97/17 و 81/39 درصد کاهش یافت. تیمار با محتوای رطوبت10-9 درصد، هالوژناسیون شده به مقدار 9 گرم به ازای هر کیلو‌گرم بذر دارای بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی، طول ساقه‌چه و بنیه بذر بود. علاوه بر آن در بذور غیر‌هالوژنه ذخیره شده در بسته‌بندی تک‌لایه، پس از یکسال انبارمانی، حشره بید غلات (Olivier Sitotroga cerealella) به‌عنوان آفت مهم شلتوک برنج مشاهده شد. به‌طور‌کلی کاهش محتوای رطوبت بذر برنج تا حد10-9 درصد به همراه هالوژناسیون و به‌کارگیری بسته‌بندی دو‌لایه توانست کیفیت بذر را بهتر از سایر تیمارها طی دوره انبارمانی حفظ نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of halogenation, moisture content and type of packaging on the storability of rice seed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kobra Tajaddodi Talab 1
  • Maryam Hosseini Chaleshtori 2
  • Farzad Majidi Shilsar 2
1 Rice Research institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran
2 Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
چکیده [English]

Halogenation, seed moisture content (MC) reduction and suitable packaging are the practical methods that could have positive effect on retaining the seed viability during storage. This study was carried out by the factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design. Factors included type of the packaging at two levels (single layer and double layer packaging), seed halogenations at four levels (0, 3, 6, and 9 gram per kilogram seed), paddy moisture content (wet basis) at three levels (17-17.7%, 11-12% and 9-10%) and storage durations at three levels (without storage, six months and one year storage). The results showed that after one year storage, the lowest germination percentage with 47.92% was belonging to seed with MC of 17-17.7% and the germination of seeds with MC of 11-12% and 9-10% was above 97%. Vigor index of seed in double layer packaging after 6 and 12 months decreased by 13.82 and 21.63 percent, and in single layer packaging, it decreased by 17.97 and 39.81 percent, respectively. Treatment with MC of 9-10%, halogenated with 9 gram per kilogram seed had the highest germination percentage, pedicle length and seed vigor. In addition, Sitotroga cerealella was observed as an important paddy insect in non-halogenated seeds, packed in the single layer packaging after one year storage. Generally, MC reduction of rice seed to 9-10% along with halogenation and the use of double layer packaging were able to maintain seed quality better than the other treatments during storage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Storage pests
  • packaging
  • seed longevity
  • drying
  • halogenation
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