ارزیابی اثر عصاره‌ آبی گیاه تلخه (Acroptilon repens) بر جوانه‌زنی بذر و خصوصیات رشدی خرفه، گاو‌‌پنبه و گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته دکتری تخصصی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی Afsharazadbakht@uma.ac.ir

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چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثر عصاره­ آبی گیاه تلخه (Acroptilon repens) به­عنوان علف­کش زیستی بر جوانه­زنی بذر علف­های هرز خرفه (Portulaca oleracea)، گاو­­پنبه (Abutilon theophrasti) و همچنین گندم (Triticum aestivum)، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1394-1393 انجام شد. فاکتور­های آزمایشی عبارت بودند از 1. نوع گیاه در سه سطح (خرفه، گاو­­پنبه و گندم) و 2. غلظت عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه در 6 سطح صفر (شاهد)، 5، 5/7، 10، 15 و 20 درصد عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه). نتایج نشان داد که درصد جوانه­زنی، طول ساقه­چه­، طول ریشه­چه و وزن کل گیاه­چه گیاهان مورد بررسی به­طور معنی­داری تحت­تأثیر غلظت­های مختلف­ عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه، گونه گیاهی و اثرات متقابل آنها قرار گرفتند. به طور کلی عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه کمترین بازدارندگی را بر جوانه­زنی بذر گاوپنبه و بیشترین بازدارندگی را بر جوانه­زنی بذر خرفه داشت. در بررسی اثر متقابل گونه گیاهی و غلظت­های مختلف عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه بر پارامترهای مورد مطالعه، مشاهده شد که کاهش طول ساقه­چه در اثر غلظت­های عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه برای همه گونه­ها معنی­دار بوده و با افزایش غلظت عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه، طول ساقچه با شیب تندی کاهش یافت. در مورد صفت طول ریشه­چه، نتایج نشان داد که در غلظت 20 درصد عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه بیشترین و کمترین کاهش طول ریشه­چه به­ترتیب مربوط به گاوپنبه و گندم به میزان 99 و 21 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد بود. بر اساس نتایج آزمایش، کاهش وزن خشک گیاهچه در غلظت­های 15 و 20 درصد عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه برای هر سه گیاه مشاهده شد. نتایج کاربردی این پژوهش شامل قابلیت استفاده از عصاره آبی گیاه تلخه در غلظت­های 15 و 20 درصد عصاره آبی و تأثیر­گذاری آن بر جوانه­زنی و رشد علف­های هرز خرفه و گاوپنبه می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the effect of Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) aqueous extract on seed germination and growth characteristics of purslane, common yellow mallow and wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim 1
  • afshar Azadbakht 2
  • Peyman Jafarzadeh gallo 3
1 Assoc. Prof, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
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چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of the Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) aqueous extract as a biological herbicide on the germination of weeds of purslane (Portulacaoleracea), common yellow mallow (Abutilon theophrasti(, and wheat (Triticum aestivum), a factorial experiment (with a completely randomized design and four replicates) was conducted in 2016 in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. The experimental factors included plant types (purslane, common yellow mallow, and wheat) and concentrations of the Russian knapweed aqueous extract at 6 levels (0 (control), 5, 5.7, 10, 15, and 20%). The results showed that germination percentage, coleoptile length, radicle length, and total weight of the seedlings were significantly affected by different concentrations of the Russian knapweed aqueous extract, plant species, and their interactions. Russian knapweed aqueous extract had the least and the greatest inhibitory effect on the germination of common yellow mallow and purslane, respectively. It was observed that the reduction of the length of coleoptile under the effect of aqueous extract concentrations of Russian knapweed for all species was significant and with increase in concentration of aqueous extract of Russian knapweed to the fast slope decreased length of the coleoptile. In the case of the radicle length, the results showed that at concentration of 20% extract of Russian knapweed, the highest and lowest radicle length reduction was related to the common yellow mallow and wheat with amount of 99 and 21% compared to control treatments. Based on the test results, reduce of the dry weight of seedlings on 15 and 20% for concentrations of aqueous extract of Russian knapweed was observed for each of the three plants. The applied results of this research was includes the usability of Russian knapweed aqueous extract on concentrations of 15 and 20% and its impact on seed germination and growth of purslane and common yellow mallow weeds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aqueous extract
  • Biological herbicide
  • Common yellow mallow
  • Purslane
  • Wheat
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