گروه ‏بندی ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) بر اساس خصوصیات مورفو – فیزیولوژیک تحت شرایط تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد واحد اهواز

2 عضو هیات علمی واحد شوشتر

3 عضو هیات علمی واحد اهواز

چکیده

شوری یکی از مهم‏ترین تنش‏های محیطی است که تولید محصولات زراعی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‏دهد. تحقیق حاضر به منظور مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی در 20 رقم گندم در سال 1394 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اهواز به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار شامل 20 رقم به عنوان عامل اول و تنش شوری با کلرید سدیم در 4 سطح صفر ‏(آب مقطر)، 4، 8 و 12 دسی زیمنس بر ‏متر به عنوان عامل دوم اجرا گردید. تجزیه به مؤلفه‏های اصلی، 11 صفت بررسی شده را به 2 مؤلفه تقسیم و بر اساس آن 57 درصد از کل تغییرات داده‏ها را توجیه نمود. اولین و دومین مولفه به ترتیب 7/39 و 9/16 درصد از تغییرات کل داده‏ها را بیان کرد و به ترتیب متحمل به تنش شوری و حساس به تنش شوری نام‏گذاری گردیدند. با استفاده از تجزیه خوشه‏ای 20 رقم مورد بررسی در سه خوشه قرار گرفتند. ارقام ارگ، بهار، لیستان، مارون و هیرمند در خوشه دوم قرار گرفتند و از نظر صفات درصد سبزشدن، طول گیاهچه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، شاخص بنیه بذر، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، غلظت یون پتاسیم، نسبت یون پتاسیم به سدیم، شاخص تحمل براساس وزن و طول گیاهچه بالاتر از میانگین کل بودند و شایان ذکر است که بالابودن این صفات در شرایط تنش شوری مطلوب می‏باشد. همچنین از نظر نشت یونی و غلظت یون سدیم کمتر از میانگین کل بودند که این از نظر تحمل به شوری مطلوب می‏باشد. براساس نتایج این مطالعه، استفاده از این ارقام برای برنامه‌های اصلاحی آینده برای تحمل به شوری توصیه می‏گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Grouping of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties on the morpho-physiologic characteristics under salinity stress condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Shabani Nezhad 1
  • zahra khodarahmpour 2
  • Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh 3
چکیده [English]

Salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses that can affect crop production. The research aimed to study the genetic diversity of 20 wheat varieties at Islamic Azad university, Ahvaz branch in 2015 in factorial experiment in basis randomized completely blocks design with 3 replications of 20 varieties as the first factor and salinity stress with NaCl at 4 levels of zero (distilled water), 4, 8 and 12 ds/m as the second factor was implemented. The principal components analysis, 11 studied traits is divided into 2 components on the basis of 57% of the data changes can be justified. The first and second components respectively 39.7% and 16.9% of the total variation stated and respectively are tolerant and sensitive to salinity were named. Using cluster analysis of 20 varieties located in three clusters. Varieties of Arg, Listan, Bahar, Maron and Hirmand were in the second cluster and the percent of emergence, length of seedling, dry weight of seedling, seed vigor index, leaf relative water content, K concentration, K/Na ratio, STI based dry weight of seedling and length of seedling were higher than the overall mean and it is worth noting that these characteristics in high salinity conditions are favorable. As well as the ionic leakage and Na concentration less than the overall mean that it is desirable in terms of salinity tolerance. According to this study, the use of this varieties for future breeding programs are recommended for salinity tolerance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Multivariate analysis
  • Genetic diversity
  • Salinity
  • Wheat
Abdul-baki, A. A. and Anderson, J. D. 1975. Vigor determination in soybean seed by multiple criteria. Crop Science, 13: 630-633.
Ajmal, S. U., Minhas, N. M., Hamdani, A., Shakir, A., Zubair, M., and Ahmad, Z. 2013. Multivariate analysis of genetic divergence in wheat (Triticume aestivum L.) germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 1643- 1648.
Colmer, T. D. and Munns, R. 2006. Use of wild relative to improve salt tolerance in wheat, Journal of Experience Botany, 57: 1059-1078.
Espahbodi, K., Mirzaiee Nadoushan, H., Tabari, M., Akbarinia, M. and Dehghan Shooraki, Y. 2006. Investigation of genetic variation of wild service (Sorbus torminalis L. Crantz), using morphological analysis of fruits and leaves. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 72: 44-57. (In Persian)
Farhoudi, R. and Khodarahmpour, Z. 2015. An evalution of 19 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars regarding the response to salinity stress. Journal of Process and Function, 4(11): 68-77. (In Persian)
Farshadfar, A. A. and Javadnia, J. 2011. Evaluation of pea genotypes of tolerance to drought stress. Seed and Plant, 3: 521-595. (In Persian)
Farshadfar, E., Haghparast, R. and Qaitoli, M. 2008. Chromosomal localization of the genes controlling agronomic and physiological indicators of drought tolerance in barley using disomic addition lines. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 7(6): 536- 543.
Flowers, T. J. and S. A. Flowers. 2005. Why does salinity pose such a different problem for plant breeders? Agriculture Water Management, 78: 15-24.
Ghasemi Masrami, A., Navabpour, S., Yamchi, A. and Hoshmand, S. 2015. Effect of salinity stress on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 8(2): 273-283.
Gomarian, M., Malbobi, M., Darvish, F., Mohammadi, S. A. and Razavi, KH. 2009. Study of response of bread wheat genotypes (Triticume aestivum L.) to salinity stress. Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 5(1): 21-31. (In Persian)
Gorham, J., Wyn Jones, R. G. and Bristol, A. 1990. Partial characterization of the trait for enhanced K+ - Na+ discrimination in the D genome of wheat. Planta, 180: 590-597.
Gunes, A., Inal, A., Alpuslan, M., Fraslan, F., Guneri, E. and Cicek, N. 2007. Salicylic acid induced changes on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress and mineral nutrition in maize grown under salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 728-736.
Jaynes, D. B., Kaspar, T. C., Colvin, T. S. and James, D. E. 2003. Cluster analysis of spatio temporal corn yield (atterns in an lowa field). Agronomy Journal, 95(3): 574-586.
Johnson, R. A., and Wichern, D. W. 2007. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 4th ed., Prentice Hall International, INC., New Jersey. Pp 773.
Khodadadi, M., Fotokian, M. H. and Miransari, M. 2011. Genetic diversity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on cluster and principal component analyses for breeding strategies. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 17-24.
Moreda, A. P., Fiher, A. and Hill, S. J. 2003. The classification of tea according to region of origin using pattern recognition techniques and trace metal data. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 16: 195-211.
Munns R. and James, R. A. 2003. Screening methods for salinity tolerance: acase study with tetraploid wheat. Plant and Soil, 253: 201-218.
Munns, R. and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annuals Review of Plant Physiology, 59: 651-681.
Owen, C. P. 1992. Plant analysis reference producers for the southern region of the United States. The University of Georgia, PP: 33-45.
Poustini, K. 2002. An evaluation of 30 wheat cultivars regarding the response to salinity stress. Iranian Journal Agriculture Science, 33 (1): 58-64. (In Persian)
Scott, S. J., Jones, R. A. and Williams, W. A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24: 1192-1199.
Shirazi, M. U., Ashraf, M. Y., Khan, M. A. and Nagavi, M. H. 2005. Potassium induced salinity tolerance in wheat. International Journal of Environment Science Technology, 2 (3): 233-236. (In Persian)
Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovi, L. and Gasparikora, L. 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, memberane stability and water relation in two maize. Plant Soil Enviroment, 52 (4):186-191.
Weising, K., Nybom, H., Wolff, K. and Kahl, G. 2005. DNA Fingerprinting in Plants. Principles, Methods and Applications. 2nd Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 444 p.
Zhang, X. Y., Li, C. W., Wang, L. F., Wang, H. M., You, G. X. and Dong, Y. S. 2002. An estimation of the minimum number of SSR alleles needed to reveal genetic relationships in wheat varieties. Information from large-scale planted varieties and cornerstone breeding parents in Chinese wheat improvement and production. Theoretical Applied Genetic, 106: 67-73.