تأثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد و پیش‌تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک بر شاخص‌های جوانه زنی بذر بامیه (.Abelmoschus esculentus L) رقم بسنطی در دمای پایین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر باکتری­های محرک رشد و پیش­تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک  بر شاخص­های جوانه زنی و رشد گیاهچه بامیه رقم بسنطی در دماهای متفاوت یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در آزمایشگاه فیزیولوژی پس از برداشت کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1393 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سطوح مختلف دما (10، 15 و 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و سویه­های مختلف باکتری­های محرک رشد (سویه­های 1، 10، 19 و 150 باکتری­سودوموناس پوتیدا، سویه­های 69 و 159 باکتری­های سودوموناس فلورسنت، تیمار تلفیقی سویه 19 باکتری­ سودوموناس پوتیدا و سویه 159 باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنت و شاهد (بدون تلقیح)) و پیش­تیمار بذر با غلظت­های مختلف اسید سالیسیلیک  (0، 05/0، 1/0، 5/0 و 1 میلی­مولار) بود. در این پژوهش شاخص­های جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که با کاهش دما شاخص­های جوانه­زنی و رشد گیاهچه بامیه کاهش یافت و بهترین دما برای جوانه­زنی بامیه 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد بود. از سوی دیگر تلقیح بذرها با باکتری­های محرک رشد سبب افزایش معنی­دار شاخص­های جوانه­زنی بامیه در دماهای متفاوت شد. بطوری­که سویه 150  از باکتری سودوموناس پوتیدا و سویه 69 باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنت بیشترین تأثیر را بر ویژگی­های جوانه­زنی تحت تنش دمای پایین در مقایسه با شاهد نشان داد. همچنین پیش­تیمار بذر بامیه با اسید سالیسیلیک  سبب افزایش معنی­دار تمامی صفت­های اندازه­گیری شده بامیه اعم از درصد و سرعت جوانه­زنی، طول ریشه­چه، ساقه­چه، وزن خشک ساقه­چه و گیاهچه، شاخص­های طولی و وزنی قدرت در دماهای متفاوت شد. کاربرد پیش­تیمار با غلظت 1/0 و 5/0 میلی­مولار اسید سالیسیلیک  برای بهبود شاخص­های جوانه­زنی بذر بامیه تحت تنش دمای پایین مطلوب­تر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and seed priming by salicylic acid on seed germination ceriteria of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Basenti) under different temperatures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Bahadori 1
  • Behrooz Esmaeilpour 1
  • Ahmad Javadi 2
  • Soroor Khorramdel 3
2 Phd student of Mohaghegh Ardabili
چکیده [English]

In  order to investigate the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and  seed priming by salicylic acid on germination and seedling growth charecteristic of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L Basenti.) in different temperatures an experiment was conducted as factorial layout based on a completely randomized design with four  replications at laboratory of the Postharvest Physiology, College of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University during 2014. Treatments consisted four temperatures ( 10, 15, 20 and 25°C)  and different strains of Pseudomonas putida (1, 10, 19 and 150), Pseudomonas fluorescence (69, 159), combined treatment (10 + 159 strains) and control (without inoculation) and seed priming with five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM).  Result indicated that by decreasing temperature,  germination and seedling growth parameters of Okra seeds were reduced and the best temperature for seed germination was observed in 25 °C. On the other hand, inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria led to significant increase in germination characteristic of okra seeds under different temperature regims such as stem length, seedling height, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor indices.  Pseudomonas putida strain 150 and 69 strain of Pseudomonas  fluorescent had the greatest effect on germination characteristics of okra seeds under low temperature compared to control. Seed priming by salicylic acid  increased all germination and seedling growth characteristics such as seed germination percentage, germination rate, radicle and plumule lengths, plumule and seedling dry weights and  length and weight vigor indices under low temperature stress. Seed  priming  with 0.1 and 0.5 mM concentrations of salicylic acid  were more efficient for improvement of  seed germination and seedling growth parameters under low temperature stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Okra
  • Bio-priming
  • Seed germination
  • Low temperature
  • Hormone-priming
Afzal, I., M. A., Basra, SH., Farooq, M., Nawaz, A. 2006. Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological, 1: 23–28. (Journal)
Aminigo, E. R., and J. O. Akingbala. 2004. Nutritive composition and sensory properties of ogi fortified with okra seed meal. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental, 8(2): 23-28. (Journal)
Arfan, M., Habib, A., Ashraf, M. 2007. Does exogenous application of salicylic acid through the rooting medium modulate growth and photo synthetic capacity in two differently adapted spring wheat cultivars under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 164: 685–694. (Journal)
Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy, 88: 223-271. (Journal)
Barka, E. A., J. Nowak, and C. Clément. 2006. Enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growthpromoting rhizobacterium, burkholderia phytowrmans Strain PsJN. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72: 7246-7252. (Journal)
Bharathi, R., Vivekananthan, R., Harish, S., Ramanathan, A., and Samiyappan, R. 2004. Rhizobacteria-based bio-formulations for the management of fruit rot infection in hillies. Crop Protection, 23: 835–843. (Journal)
Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V., Botella, M. A. 2001. Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiology, 126: 1024–1030. (Journal)
Bradford, M. 1976. Arapid and sensitive method for thequantitation of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Annual Reviwe Biochemistry, 72: 248-254. (Journal)
Cakmakci, R., Erat, M., Erdoman, U. G., and Donmez, M. F. 2007. The influence of PGPR on growth parameters, antioxidant and pentose phosphate oxidative cycle enzymes in wheat and spinach plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 170: 288-295. (Journal)
Cattelan, A.J., P.G. Hartel, and J.J. Fuhrman. 1999. Screening for plant growth – promoting rhizobacteria to promote early soybean growth. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 63: 1670 - 1680. (Journal)
Compant, S., B. Reiter, A. Sessitsch, J. Nowak, C. Clément, and E. Ait Barka. 2005. Endophytic colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by plant growth promoting bacterium Burkholderia sp. strain PsJN. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 1685-1693. (Journal)
Conway, K. E., Mereddy, R., Kahn, B. A., Wu, Y., Hallgren, S. W. and Wu, L. 2001. Beneficial effects of solid matrix chemo-priming in okra. Plant Discovery, 85: 535-537. (Journal)
Daneshvar, M. 2008. Vegetable production. Publication of University of Ahvaz Chamran, Ahvaz, 461 pp. [in Persian]. (Book)
De, F. and Kar. R. K. 1994. Seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean (Vigna radiate) under water stress included by PEG-6000. Seed Science and Technology, 23,301-304. (Journal)
Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys APtacek, D. and Vanderleyden, J. 2002. Effect of inoculation with wild type Azospirillum brasilense and A. irakense strains on effect of development and nitrogen uptake of spring wheat and grain maize. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 36(4): 284–297. (Journal)
Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J., and yacovokon, Y. 2003. Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Critical Review Plant Science, 22: 107-149. (Journal)
Egamberdiyeva, D. 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils. Applied of Soil and Ecology, 36: 184-189. (Journal)
Ellis, R. H., and E. H. Roberts. 1981. The quantification of aging and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 9: 373-409. (Journal)
Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthesis, 41:281-284. (Journal)
Farooq, M., Aziz, T., Basra, S. M. A., Cheema, M. A. and Rahman, H. 2008. Chilling tolerance in hybrid maize induced by priming whit salicylic acid. Agronomy and Crop Science, 194:161-168. (Journal)
Finch-Savage, W. E., Dent, K. C. and Clark, L. J. 2004. Soak conditions and temperature following sowing influence the response of maize (Zea maize L.) seeds to on-farm priming (pre sowing seed soak). Field Crops Research, 90:361-374.(Journal)
Glick, B. R., Liu, C., Ghosh, S. and Dumbroff, E.B. 1997. Early development of canola seedlings in the presence of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29: 1233-1239. (Journal)
Guan, Y., Hu, J., Wang, X. and Shao, C. 2009. Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress. Journal Zhejiang University Science, 10(6),427-433. (Journal)
Gutierrez Mañero, F. J., Probanza, A., Ramos, B., Colón Flores, J. J. and Garcia, J. A. 2003. Effects of culture filtrates of rhizobacteria isolated from wild lupine on germination, growth and biological nitrogen fixation of Lupinus albus cv. Multolupa seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 26: 145-158. (Journal)
Harris, D. 2003. Reducing risk and increasing yields from rain-fed crops in Africa using on farm seed priming. 87-88. In: Abstracts: Harnessing crop technologies to alleviate hunger and poverty in Africa. 6th Biennial Conference of the Africa Crop Science Society, Hilton Nairobi, Kenya, 12-16th October. Pp. 87-88. (Journal)
Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2007. Salicylic acid: a plant hormone. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18,137- 145. (Journal)
International Seed Testing Association. 2014. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology, 27, Supplement, 333pp. (Book)
Janda, T., Szalai, G., Tari, I., Paldi, E. 1999. Hydroponic treatment with salicylic acid decreases the effects of chilling injury in maize (Zea mays L.). plants Planta. 208: 175–180. (Journal)
Johari, P. M. 2010. Effect of soil water stress on yield and proline content of four wheat lines. African journal of biotechnology, 9: 036–040. (Journal)
Kafi, M., borzoei, A., salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoomi, A., nabati, J. 2009. Physiology of environmental steress in plants. Jahad danesgahi Mashhad, 502 Pp.[In persian] (Book)
Kaur, S., Gupta, A. K., and Kaur. N. 2002. Effect of osmo-and hydropriming of chickpea seeds on seedling growth and carbohydrate metabolism under water deficit stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 37,17-22. (Journal)
Khan, H. A., Pervez, M. A., Ayub, C. M., Ziaf, K., Balal, R. M., Shahid, M. A., Akhtar, N. 2009. Hormonal priming alleviates salt stress in hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Soil and Environmental. 28 (2): 130-135. (Journal)
Khan, M. R., Talukdar, N. C., and Thakuria, D. 2003. Detection of Azospirillum and PSB in rice rhizosphere soil by protein and antibiotic resistance profile and their effect on grain yield of rice. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 246-250. (Journal)
Lucy, M., Reed, E., and Glick, B. R. 2004. Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Soil Science, 86: 1-25. (Journal)
Maffei, M., Bertea, C. M., Garneri, F. and Scannerini, S. 1999. Effect of benzoic acid hydroxyl - and methoxy - ring substituents during cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) germination. I. Isocitrate lyase and activity. Plant Science, 141:139-147. (Journal)
Manaffee, W. F., and Klopper, J. W. 1994. Applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture. In: soil biota management in sustainable farming systems, Pankburst, C.E., Double, B. M., Gupta, V.V.S.R., and Grace, P.R., eds. Pp: 23-31 CSIRO, Pub. East Melbourne, Australia. (Book)
Mauromicale, G. and Cavallaro, V. 1995. Effects of seed osmopriming on germination of tomato at different water potential. Seed Science and Technology, 23(2): 393-403. (Journal)
Miri, K. 2006. Effects of sowing date and density on yield and yield components of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Iranshahr. Seed Plant Improv Journal, 22(3): 369-379. [in Persian with English Abstract]. (Journal)
Mohamed, A., Tayeb, E. L. and Naglaa, A. 2010. Response of wheat cultivars to drought and salicylic acid. American-Eurasian Journal Agronomy, 3,01-07. (Journal)
Nadjafi, F. 2002. Effect of irrigation intervals and plant density on quantity and quality of isubgol (Plantago ovate Forsk.). MScThesis in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, [in Persian] (Book)
Patade, V. Y., Maya, K. and Zakwan, A. 2011. Seed priming mediated germination improvement and tolerance to subsequent exposure to cold and salt stress in capsicum. Research Journal Seed Science, 4: 125-136. (Journal)
Purvis, A. C. and Shewfelt, R. L. 1993. Does the alternative pathway ameliorate chilling injury in sensitive plant tissues? Journal of Plant Physiology, 88: 712-718. (Journal)
Rajasekaran, L. R., Stiles, Surette, A., Sturz, M. A., Blake, A. V., Caldwell, T. J., and Nowak, J. 2002. Stand Establishment Technologies for Processing Carrots: Effects of various temperature regimes on germination and the role of salicylates in promoting germination at low temperatures. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82,443-450. (Journal)
Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annul. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molecular Biology. 43: 439–463. (Journal)
Saatovich, S. Z. 2006. Azospirilli of uzbekistan soils and their influence on growth and development of wheat plants. Plant Soil, 283: 137-145. (Journal)
Salantur, A., Ozturk, A., and Akten, S. 2006. Growth and yield response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to inoculation with rhizobacteria. Plant Soil and Environment, 52 (3): 111–118. (Journal)
Shaharoona, B.M., Arshad, Z., Zahir, A., and Khalid, A. 2006. Performance of Pseudomonas spp. containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the presence of nitrogenous fertilizer. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 2971–2975. (Journal)
Shakirova, F. M. and Sahabutdinova, D. R. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic aicd and salinity. Plant Science, 164, 317-322. (Journal)
Shakirova, F. M. 2007. Role of hormonal system in the manisfestation of growth promoting and anti-stress action of salicylic acid. PP. 69-90. In: Hayat, S. and A. Ahmad. (Eds.), Salicylic Acid, A Plant Hormone, Springer Dordrecht, The Netherlands. (Book)
Sharma, A. K. 2003. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios India. 255 pp. (Book)
Sharma, A.K. 2002. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India. (Book)
Shekari, F., Baljani, R., Saba, J., Afsahi, K. and Shekari, F. 2010. Effect of seed priming with salicylic acid on growth characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis) plants seedlings. Journal of New Agricultural Science, 6: 47-53. (Journal)
Singh, B., Usha, K. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regulation. 39: 137–141. (Journal)
Sturz, A.V., and Christie, B. R. 2003. The management of soil quality and plant disease with rhizobacteria. Soil and Tillage Research Journal, 72: 107-123. (Journal)
Subedi, K. D., Ma, B. L. 2005. Seed priming does not improve corn yield in a humid temperate environment. Agronomy Journal, 97: 211-218. (Journal)
Thakur, P., Kumar, S., Malik, J. A., Berger, J. D. and Nayyar, H. 2010 Cold stress effects on reproductive development in grain crops: An overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67:429-443. (Journal)
Turan, M., N. Ataoglu, and F. Sahin. 2006. Evaluation of the capacity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi on different forms of phosphorus in liquid culture. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment. 28: 99-108. (Journal)
Wahid, A., Noreen, A., Basra, M. A. S. H., Gelani, S., Farooq, M. 2008. Priming-induced metabolic changes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achenes improve germination and seedling growth. Botanical Studies, 49: 343-350. (Journal)
Wu, L., Guo, X. and Harivandi, M. A. 1998. Allelopathic effects of phenolic acids detected in buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) clippings on growth of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and buffalograss seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 39,159–167. (Journal)
Zahoor, A., Ghafor, A., and Muhammad, A. 2004. Plantago ovate - a crop of arid and dry climates with immense herbal and pharmaceutical importance. Introduction of Medicinal Herbs and Spices as Crops Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Pakistan 5: 1101–1115. (Journal)
Zaidi, S.F.A. 2003. Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bfluorescent pseudomonas to control Rhizoctonia solani in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Annals of Agricultural Research, 24: 151-153.
(Journal)