تأثیر پیش تیمارهای هورمونی مختلف بر میزان رشد و عملکرد دانه ذرت در شرایط سطوح مختلف آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد

2 فارغ التحصیل

چکیده

این بررسی با هدف مطالعه تاثیر سطوح آبی(آبیاری پس از 70 و 140 میلی متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر) و پرایمینگ با هورمون های مختلف (شاهد، اسید سالسیلیک، سیتوکنین و جیبرلین) با  غلظت های مختلف (شاهد، 50 و 100 پی پی ام) در سه تکرار و با طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سال 1394 در مزارع دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ملکان بر روی ذرت رقم 704  انجام شد.  با توجه به نتایج تجزیه واریانس، سطوح آبیاری و  نوع هورمون بر تمامی صفات اثر معنی داری داشت و تنها اثر نوع هورمون بر وزن صد دانه  غیر معنی دار بود.   غلظت های مختلف هورمون ها در صفات ارتفاع بوته، بیوماس، قطر بلال، تعداد دانه در یک بلال، تعداد دانه در یک ردیف، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه اثر معنی داری داشت. آبیاری پس از 140 میلی متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه، وزن صد دانه و تعداد دانه در بلال  ذرت و پرایمینگ با  هورمون های مختلف سبب افزایش عملکرد دانه ذرت حتی در شرایط آبیاری پس از 70 میلی متر تبخیر از سطح تشتک تبخیر گردیدند. غلظت­های 50 و 100 پی­پی­ام اسید سالسیلیک به ترتیب 3/33 و 8/38 درصد و غلظت 100 پی پی ام سیتوکنین و جیبرلین به ترتیب 1/65 و 1/49 درصد عملکرد ذرت را افزایش دادند. کم آبی و پرایمینگ هر دو با تاثیر بر اجزای اصلی عملکرد دانه (تعداد دانه و وزن صد دانه) تغییرات عملکرد دانه ذرت را باعث شدند

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different hormone treatments on the growth and grain yield of maize in irrigation different levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elnaz Farajzadeh 1
  • Mehrdad Yarnia 1
  • Vahid Ahmadzadeh 2
  • Nooshin Farajzadeh 1
چکیده [English]

This investigation had done in order to survey effect of water shortage (irrigation after 70 and 140 mm evaporation from evaporation basin) and priming by different hormones (control, salicylic acid, cytokinin and jibberellin) at different concentrations (control, 50 and 100 ppm) based on complete randomized blocks design with three replications in 2015 in the fields of Islamic Azad University Malakan on maize 704. Analysis of variance due to irrigation levels and hormone had significant effect on all traits and seed weight had no significant effect on the type of hormone. Different Concentration hormun in crop height, biomass, ear diameter, number of seeds per ear, number of kernels in a row, seed weight and seed yield had a significant effect. Irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan can reduce seed yield, seed weight and seed number per ear of corn and priming with various hormones were increased corn yield even under Irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from evaporation pan. 50 and 100 ppm concentrations Salicylic acid 33.3 and 38.8 % respectively and 100 ppm concentration of cytokinin and gibberellic 65.1 and 49.1% increase corn yield respectively. Irrigation after 140 mm evaporation from evaporation pan and priming both the impact on yield components (number of seeds and 100 seed weight) of corn grain yield changes was made.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cytokinin
  • jibberellin
  • maize
  • salicylic acid and water shortage
Abdul Majid, S., Asghar, R. and Murtaza, G. 2007. Yield stability analysis conferring adaptation of wheat to pre- and post-anthesis drought conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(5): 1623-1637. (Journal)
Aldesuquy, H. S., Baka, Z. A. and Mickky, B. M. 2013. Does exogenous application of kinetin and spermine mitigate the effect of seawater on yield attributes and biochemical aspects of grains?. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry. 9: 21-34. (Book)
Araus, J. L., Serret, M. D. and Edmeades, G. O. 2012. Phenotyping maize for adaptation to drought. Frontiersin, 3: 1-8. (Book)
Asch, F., Andersen, M. N., Jensen, C. R. and Mogensen, V. O. 2001, Ovary abscisic acid concentration does not induce kernel abortion in field-grown maize subjected to drought. European Journal of Agronomy, 15: 119–129. (Journal)
Aslam, M., Zamir, M.S.I., Afzal, I., Yaseen, M., Mubeen, M., Shoaib, A. 2013. Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova, 5: 99-114. (Journal)
Bahari, N. 2014. Evaluation of yield and some morphological traits of wheat under drought stress. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, (2): 42-46. (Journal)
Dawood, M. G., Sadak, M. Sh and Hozayen, M. 2012. Physiological role of salicylic acid in improving performance, yield and some biochemical aspects of sunflower plant grown under newly reclaimed sandy soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(4): 82-89. (Journal)
Draganić, I and Lekić, S. 2012. Seed priming with antioxidants improves sunflower seed germination and seedling growth under unfavorable germination conditions. Turk Journal Agriculture, 36: 421-428. (Journal)
El Naim, A. M., Jabereldar, A. A., Ahmed, S. E., Ismaeil, F. M., Ibrahim, E. A. 2012. Determination of Suitable Variety and Plants per Stand of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.Walp) in the Sandy Soil, Sudan. Advances in Life Sciences, 2(1): 1-5. (Book)
Emam, Y., H. Bahrani, K. Maghsoudi. 2013. Effect of Leaf Defoliation on Assimilate Partitioning in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrid SC. 704. Scientific Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 1(1): 26-33. (Journal)
Farhadi Atalou, R., Mirshekari, B., Safar Zadeh Vishkaei, M. N. 2014. Hormonal seed priming with ga and kinetin influences seed and oil yields in two sesame (Sesamum indicum) cultivars. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4 (2): 266 -270. (Journal)
Ghandian Zanjan, M and Eradatmand Asli, D. 2014. Impact of gibberllin treatment on protein fluctuations of Ri T-DNA carrier transgenic tobacco. Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 9(4): 1508-1514. (Journal)
Ghodrat, V., Moradshahi, A., Rousta, M. J and Karampour, A. 2013. Improving yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by indolebutyric acid (IBA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) pre-sowing seed treatments. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture & Environ. Science, 13 (6): 872-876. (Journal)
Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Alyemeni, M.N., Ahmad, A. 2012. Salicylic acid mediated changes in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Cicer arietinum L. Plant Soil Environ, 58(9): 417–423. (Journal)
Khan, M. B., Aman Gurchani, M., Hussain, M., Freed, S and Mahmood, K. 2013. Wheat seed enhancement by vitamin and hormonal priming. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(3): 1495-1499. (Journal)
Khatami, S. R., Sedghi, M., Sharifi, R. S. 2015. Influence of priming on the physiological traits of corn seed germination under drought stress. Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology, XVIII (1), pp. 1-6. (Book)
Li-Ping, B., Fang-Gong, S., Ti-Da, G., Zhao-Hui, S., Yin-Yan, L and Guang-Sheng, Z. 2006. Effect of soil drought stress on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system of maize. Journal of Pedosphere, 16(3): 326-332. (Journal)
Malekizadehtafti, M., Tavakolafshari, R., Majnonhoseini, N., Naghdbadi, H and Mehdizadeh, E.2007[a1] . Effect of Osmopriming on borage seed germination in order to optimize production. Research of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22:216-222. (In persian). (Journal)
Mazid, M. 2014. Seed priming application of gibberellic acid on growth, biochemical, yield attributes and protein status of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. DCP 92-3). International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 5: 17-22. (Journal)
Mi, G., Chen, F and Zhang, F. 2009. Grain filling rate is limited by insufficient sugar supply in the large-grain wheat cultivar. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 1(3): 060-064. (Journal)
Mohammadian, R., Moghaddam, M., Rahimian, H and Sadeghian, S.Y. 2005. Effect of early season drought stress on growth characteristics of sugar beet genotypes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 29: 357-368. (Journal)
Mohseni, A., Rezaei, R., Ramazani,M and Mobaser R.2011. Osmopriming effect on seed germination characteristics of maize hybrids. Journal of Crop Physiology, 2:53-62. (In persian). (Journal)
Moosavi, S. G. 2012. The effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on morphology traits, yield and leaf area index in maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(4): 1351-1355. (Journal)
Moradi, e., Sharifzadeh, F., Tavakolafshari, R and Moaliamiri, R.2011. The effect of seed priming on germination and early growth long grass at the optimum moisture and drought. Journal of Range, 3: 462-473.(In persian). (Journal)
Moser, S. B., Feil, B., Jampatong, S and Stamp, P. 2006. Effects of pre-anthesis drought, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and variety on grain yield, yield components, and harvest index of tropical maize. Agricultural Water Management, 81: 41–58. (Journal)
Nawaz, A., Amjad, M., Khan, S. M., Afzal, I., Ahmed, T., Iqbal, Q and Iqbal, J. 2013. Tomato seed invigoration with cytokinins. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(1):121-128. (Journal)
Niharika, S. 2013. Flower numbers, pod production, pollen viability are reduced with flower and pod abortion increased in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under heat stress. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2: 116-119. (Journal)
Quero, J. L., Villar, R., Marañón, T., Zamora, R., Vega, D and Sack, L. 2008. Relating leaf photosynthetic rate to whole-plant growth: drought and shade effects on seedlings of four Quercus species. Functional Plant Biology, 35: 725-737. (Journal)
Sanjari Pireivatlou, A. G., Aliyev, R. T and Sorkhi Lalehloo, B. 2011. Grain filling rate and duration in bread wheat under irrigated and drought stressed conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 1(1): 69-86. (Journal)
Skirycz, A. and Inze, D. 2010. More from less: plant growth under limited water. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 21:197–203. (Journal)
Tabatabaei, S. A. 2013. The effect of salicylic acid and gibberellin on enzyme activity and germination characteristics of wheat seeds under salinity stress conditions. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 6: 236-240. (Journal)
Talebi, R., Hossien Ensafi, M., Baghebani, N., Karami, E and Mohammadi, K. 2013. Physiological responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes to drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Biology, 11: 9–15. (Journal)
Tian, Y., Guan, B., Zhou, D., Yu, J., Li, G and Lou, Y. 2014. Responses of seed germination, seedling growth, and seed yield traits to seed pretreatment in maize (Zea mays L). Hindawi Publishing Corporation. (Book)
Tufail, A., M. Arfan, A. Raza Gurmani, A. Khan and A. Bano. 2013. Salicylic acid induced salinity tolerance in maize (Zea mays). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 45(S1): 75-82. (Journal)
Vafa, P., Naseri, R., Moradi, M. and Jafarian, T. 2014. Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative traits of maize (cv. 604) under drought stress and plant density. Journal of Stress Physiology and Biochemistry, 10: 144-154. (Journal)
Vanaja, M., Yadav, S.K., Archana, G., Jyothi Lakshmi, N., Ram Reddy, P.R., Vagheera, P., Abdul Razak, S.K., Maheswari, M and Venkateswarlu, B. 2011. Response of C4 (maize) and C3 (sunflower) crop plants to drought stress and enhanced carbon dioxide concentration. Plant, Soil and Environment, 57 (5): 207–215. (Journal)
Yadegari, M and Shakerian, A. 2014. The effect salicylic acid and jasmonic acid foliar applications on essence and essential oil of salvia (Salvia Officinalis L.). Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 9(4): 1578-1584. (Journal)
Yi, L., Shenjiao, Y., Shiqing, L., Xinping, C. and Fang, C. 2014. Growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) in response to different field water management practices: Resource captures and uses efficiency. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 150: 606–613. (Journal)
Zamaninejhad, M., Khavari Khorasani, S., Jami Moeini, M and Heidarian, A. 2013. Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought condition. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2): 153-161. (Journal)
Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Peng, Y., Yan, D., Li, Q., Wang, J., Wang, L and He, Z. 2012. Gibberellin homeostasis and plant height control by EUI and a role for gibberellin in root gravity responses in rice. Journal of Cell Research, 18: 412-421.(Journal)