پاسخ جوانه‎زنی بذرهای خرفه (Portulaca oleracea) حاصل از گیاه مادری تغذیه شده با منابع مختلف کودی تحت سمیت کادمیوم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

آلودگی منابع آبی و خاک با فلزات سنگین مانند کادمیوم سبب کاهش جوانه‎زنی و رشد بذور گیاهان رشد یافته تحت این شرایط می‎شود. از این‎رو تغذیه مطلوب گیاه مادری نقش عمده‎ای در ایجاد بذور با قابلیت جوانه‎زنی بهتر دارد. در این پژوهش پاسخ جوانه‎زنی بذرهای حاصل از گیاه خرفه تغذیه شده با کود مرغی و کود شیمیایی تحت سمیت کادمیوم، به‎صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار مورد بررسی واقع شد. تیمارها شامل سه سطح بذر گیاه مادری خرفه تحت شرایط تغذیه‎ای مختلف (کود مرغی، کود شیمیایی و شاهد) و چهار غلظت کادمیوم (صفر، 20، 40، 60 و 80 میلی‎گرم بر لیتر) بودند.در این آزمایش صفات سرعت و درصد جوانه‎زنی ، طول ساقه‎چه، طول ریشه‎چه، وزن خشک ساقه‎چه، وزن خشک ریشه‎چه و شاخص بنیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم، شاخص‎های جوانه‎زنی در تیمارهای کودی کاهش یافت. درصد جوانه‎زنی در تیمار کود مرغی روند خاصی را دنبال نکرد و ضریب سرعت جوانه‎زنی تنها برای کود شیمیایی دارای رابطه رگرسیونی معنی‎دار بود. اما طول ساقه‎چه و ریشه‎چه، وزن ریشه‎چه و بنیه بذر، به‎صورت تابع درجه دو کاهش یافتند. علاوه بر این وزن خشک ساقه‎چه تنها در تیمار کود شیمیایی به‎صورت درجه دو کاهش یافت. طول ریشه‎چه، حساس‎ترین شاخص به سمیت کادمیوم بود، چرا که در مقایسه با سایر پارامترها، در کلیه تیمارها با شیب تندتری کاهش نشان داد. به‎طور کلی نتیجه‎گیری می‎شود که کیفیت بذور گیاهان تغذیه شده با کود مرغی برای کشت در شرایط خاک‎های با احتمال آلودگی کادمیوم، بیش­تر از کودهای شیمیایی است که این امر برتری تولید بذر در شرایط ارگانیک را نشان می‎دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The germination response of purslane seeds from parental plants fed with different sources fertilizer to cadmium toxicity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyfollah Fallah 1
  • Behjat Omrani 2
  • Arezoo Espanani 3
چکیده [English]

Soil and water resources pollution with heavy metal such as cadmium reduced their germination and growth. Appropriate parental plant nutritional plays a major role in the creation of seeds with better ability germination.  The germination response of parental plants seed treated with different sources fertilizer to cadmium toxicity was evaluated as factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were consisted of three levels of seed produced from grown parental plant under different nutritions (Broiler litter, chemicals fertilizer, no fertilizer amendment) and four concentrations of cadmium (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L Cd) plus control. In this experiments germination percentage and rate, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and seed vigor index were investigated.The results showed that with increasing concentrations of cadmium, indices of germination were reduced in fertilizer treatments. Broiler litter treatment was considered as best treatment to improve all germination parameters. Germination percentage in broiler litter did not follow a specific trend and germination rate coefficient only for chemical fertilizer had a significant regression equation. But shoot length, radicle length, radicle dry weight and seed vigor, decreased in the form of quadratic trends. Shoot dry weight was only reduced in the form of quadratic trend in the chemical fertilizer. Radicle length was the most sensitive parameter to cadmium toxicity in comparison with other parameters, because it was decreased in comparison with all treatments, with a slope steeper. In summary, It can be concluded the quality of seeds fed with organic fertilizer is more than the chemical fertilizers for grow in soils with higher risk of cadmium contamination, which its show the superiority of seed production in organic conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broiler litter
  • Cadmium pollution
  • Organic
  • Parental plant
  • Seed vigor
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