مقاله مروری: مروری بر ارزیابی بهبود اثر تنش خشکی روی گیاه مادری بر جوانه زنی و بنیه بذر سویا با تیمار به وسیله ریزجانداران مفید خاکزی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال

2 استاد پژوهش؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاور زی؛ مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر؛ کرج؛ ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهش؛ سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی؛ مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب؛ کرج؛ ایران

چکیده

بروز تنش­های محیطی در مدت تشکیل بذر روی گیاه مادری اثر قابل ملاحظه­ای بر جوانه­زنی و بنیه دارد. از سوی دیگر، ریزجانداران مفید خاکزی مانند باکتری­های تحریک کننده رشد و قارچ­های میکوریز از قابلیت بالقوه تولید مواد بهبود دهنده جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر برخوردارند و تیمار بذر با آنها یکی از روش­های محتمل برای بهبود و احیای کیفیت بذر محسوب می­شود. براین اساس، تحقیقاتی با تولید بذر ارقام و ژنوتیپ­های مختلف سویا تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی به­صورت آبیاری پس از50 ، 100و 150میلی­متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاسA تولید شدند و تیمار بذر با باکتری­های تحریک کننده رشد برادی­رایزوبیوم جاپونیکوم، ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، آزوسپیریلوم برازیلنس، آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم و سودوموناس فلورسنس و قارچ­ میکوریز گلوموس موسه اجرا گردید. مرور نتایج این تحقیقات مشخص ساخت، با بروز تنش خشکی در تمامی ارقام و ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی سویا، درصد گیاهچه­های عادی و طول و وزن خشک گیاهچه کاهش و متوسط زمان جوانه­زنی افزایش یافتند، ولی ارقام و ژنوتیپ­ها از لحاظ این صفات تفاوت داشتند و ارقام ویلیامز، لینفورد و زالتازالها از تحمل بیشتری برخوردار بودند. همچنیناز میان ریزجانداران مفید خاکزی مورد بررسی، تیمار بذر با باکتری برادی­رایزوبیوم جاپونیکوم از قابلیت بیشتری برای بهبود و احیای جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر ارقام و ژنوتیپ­های مورد بررسی سویا برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A review of drought stress on mother plant effect on soybean seed germination and vigour improvement by some beneficial soil microorganisms treatment assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aidin Hamidi 1
  • Jahanfar Daneshian 2
  • Ahmad Asgharzadeh 3
2 Research Professor, Agricultural Research Education Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran
3 Research Associate Professor, Agricultural Research Education Extension Organization (AREEO), Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Environmental stresses occur during seed formation on the parent plant has a considerable effect on seed germination and vigor. Even when all required factors for growth, development and seed formation on the parent plant are provided by growers, parent plants can still be affected by environmental stresses, especially drought stress. Soybean one of the most important oil seed crops which seed germination and vigour affected by drought stress occur on parent plant. In many regions of Iran where soybean seed produced, limited precipitation and irrigation water and severe evapo transpiration conditions often occur during seed formation which causes seed deterioration on parent plant before harvest. Therefore, study on this effect and soybean seed produced under drought stress germination and vigor improvement and rehabilitation have especial importance. Beneficial soil microorganisms like as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae fungi have potential ability for seed germination and vigour improvement and seed treatment by those one of the probable methods for seed quality improvement and rehabilitation. Based on, conducted researches by soybean cultivars and genotypes production under drought stress effect as irrigation after 50, 100 and 150 mm evaporation of A class evaporation pan and seeds treated by Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azotobacter chroococcum,Azosprillium lipoferum, Azosprillium brasilensets,Pseudomonas fluorescens and Glomus mossae mycorrhizae fungus. Review of those researches results revealed that, by drought occur, in all studied soybean cultivars and genotypes, normal seedling percent and seedling length and dry matter decrease and mean germination time increased, but soybean cultivars and genotypes have difference for those traits and Williams, Linford and Zalta Zalha cultivars had more tolerance. Also, among studied beneficial soil microorganisms, seed treatment by Bradyrhizobium japonicum have more potential capability for studied soybeans cultivars and genotypes seeds germination and vigour improvement and rehabilitation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Low irrigation
  • Seed rehabilitation
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