اثر فرسودگی بذر بر پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه دو رقم ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد اکولوژی کشاورزی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 اعضای هیئت علمی گروه زراعت دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

در این تحقیق اثرات کیفیت بذر بر پارامترهای جوانه‌زنی و رشد هتروتروفیک گیاهچه دو رقم ذرت سینگل‌کراس 640 و 704 بررسی شد. برای اعمال تیمارهای زوال بذر از روش تسریع ‌پیری استفاده شد که در آن بذور به مدت 24، 48، 72 و 96 ساعت در دمای 41 درجه سانتی‌گراد قرار گرفتند. آزمایش به‌ صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار در آزمایشگاه انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر زوال بذر بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه، شامل درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی، یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی، طول ساقه‌چه، نسبت رشد آلومتریک و شاخص بنیه طولی گیاهچه معنی‌دار بود، اما اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات رشد هتروتروفیک گیاهچه نداشت. همچنین اثر رقم نیز بر تمامی صفات به جز نسبت رشد آلومتریک، وزن خشک باقی‌مانده بذر و ریشه در سطح 1 درصد معنی‌دار بود. زوال بذر اثر معنی‌داری بر طول ساقه‌چه، نسبت رشد آلومتریک و شاخص بنیه طولی گیاهچه در رقم 704 و بر سرعت جوانه‌زنی در رقم 640 نداشت. با افزایش دوره زوال بذر درصدجوانه‌زنی و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی بذر در هر دو رقم ذرت کاهش یافت. زوال بذر اثر بیش‌تری بر درصد جوانه‌زنی در رقم 640 نسبت به رقم 704 داشت. شاخص‌های رشد هتروتروفیک مانند کارآیی استفاده از ذخایر، ذخایر انتقال یافته و وزن خشک باقی‌مانده بذر به‌دلیل درشت‌تر بودن لپه رقم 640 دارای میانگین‌های بالاتری بودند. در مجموع با افزایش زوال بذر درصدجوانه‌زنی و درصدگیاهچه‌های نرمال در هر دو رقم کاهش یافت اما رقم 704 مقاومت بیش‌تری نسبت به زوال از خود نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of seed deterioration on germination parameters and growth seedling of two maize varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Nahofte Esterabad 1
  • Ali Rahemi Karizaki 2
  • Ali Nakhzari Moghadam 2
چکیده [English]

In this study investigated the effects of seed quality on germination parameters and heterotrophic seedling growth in two maize varieties including single cross 640 and 704. For seed deterioration treatments we used accelerated aging test in 410C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted in the laboratory. Results showed that the seed deterioration effects on all traits studied included speed germination, germination percent, germination uniformity, normal seedling percent, plomule length, allometric growth ratio and seedling length vigor index were significant for but there was no significant effect on heterotrophic seedling growth traits. The varieties also have significant effects at 1% level on all the traits except allometric growth ratio, final seed and root dry weight. Seed deterioration had no significant effects on shoot length, allometric growth ratio, seedling length vigor index in 704 and on germination growth rate in 640. With increasing of seed deterioration were decreased germination percent and uniformity. Seed deterioration was more intense on seed germination percent in 640. Heterotrophic growth parameters such as seed reserves use efficiency, fraction of seed reserves mobilization and final seed dry weight has higher averages to larger cotyledon in 640. At the end of the day increasing the seed aging caused decreases on germination and normal seedlings percentage in both varieties but 704 was more resistant to decay.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accelerated aging
  • Germination percent
  • Seed reserves use efficiency
  • Germination uniformity
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