ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی اثر خیسانیدن بذر با نانو کودها بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه ارقام گندم در شرایط تنش شوری
جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه برای استقرار گیاهان تحت تنش شوری اهمیت دارد از این رو شناخت ارقامی از گیاهان که جوانهزنی سریع و یکنواختی در شرایط شور دارند میتواند به استقرار اولیه و رشد گیاهچه کمک نماید. بهمنظور ارزیابی اثر خیسانیدن بذر با نانو کودها بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه ارقام گندم در شرایط تنش شوری آزمایشی بهصورت طرح فاکتوریل سه عاملی در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار با چهار رقم گندم (چمران2، سیوند، پیشتاز و پارسی) در چهار سطح تنش شوری با نمک کلرید سدیم (Nacl) مرک آلمان در غلظتهای مختلف (4، 6، 8 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و سه نوع کود نانو (فسفر، پتاس و نانو کود ریزمغذیها) در شرایط کنترل شده انجام گرفت، نتایج نشان داد واکنش چهار رقم گندم نسبت به اعمال سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و انواع نانو کودها برای صفات مورد مطالعه (سرعت و درصد جوانهزنی، طول گیاهچه، وزن تر و خشک گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر) معنیدار بود بهنحویکه اثرات متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی حاکی از برتری رقم پارسی و نانو کود فسفر در تنش شوری4 دسی زیمنس بر متر بود این در حالی است که برهمکنش رقم چمران2، نانو کود پتاس در تنش شوری 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر نیز کمترین مقدار را در بین تیمارها داشت. بهنظر میرسد در غلظتهای بالاتر نمک و با افزایش تنش شوری، حتی پرایمینگ انواع مختلف نانوکود نتوانسته صفات مورد بررسی را بهبود بخشد، اما در غلظتهای کمتر نمک، تیمارهای نانو کودی تا حدودی اثر منفی نمک را تعدیل نموده است.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2896_31a270c177d051f3b928b9c18c880dee.pdf
2018-05-22
1
10
10.22124/jms.2018.2896
پرایمینگ
تنش شوری
گندم
نانو کود
میترا
کمالی بانیانی
mitrakamali.b@gmail.com
1
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد
AUTHOR
علیرضا
سوهانی دربان
souhanidarban@gmail.com
2
استادیار
LEAD_AUTHOR
محسن
نبوی کلات
3
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد
AUTHOR
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1
Abdi, N. 2006. The effects of salinity on germination of three clover species (Trifolium spp.). New Finding in Agriculture Journal. 1, 45-54. (Journal)
2
Agrawal, R., 2003. Seed technology. Pub. Co. PVT. LTD. New Delhi. India .
3
Ashraf, M, Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advance Agronomy Journal. 88: 223-271. (Journal)
4
Chojnowski, F.C. and Come, D. 1997. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging. Seed Science Research Journal. 7: 323-331. (Journal)
5
Derosa, M.R., Monreal, C., Schnitzer, M., Walsh, R., and Sultan, Y. 2010. Nanotechnology in fertilizers. Nature Nano Technology Journal, 5: 91-95. (Journal)
6
Doulatabadian, A., Modarres Sanavi, S.A., Etemadi, F. 2008. Effects of salicylic acid priming on wheat seed germination under saline conditions. Biology Journal of Iran. 4(21), 692-702. (In Persian) (Journal)
7
Ellis, R.A., and Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science Technology Journal.9: 373-409. (Journal)
8
Etesami, M. Galeshi, S. 2008. An evaluation reaction of ten genotype of barley in salinity on germination and seedling growth (Hordeum vulgar L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 5 (15), 39-46. (In Persian) (Journal)
9
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10
Farboodi, M., siadat, H., Abedi, M.J., and Khavari-Nejad, R. 2001. Effect of different Nacl and CaCl2 concentration on germination and growth of 14 wheat and one triticale genotype. Journal of Agricultural Science. 9 (2), 85-103. (In Persian) (Journal)
11
Fenando, E.P., Boero, C., Gallardo, M., and Gonzalez, J.A. 2000. Effect of Nacl on germination, growth, and soluble sugar content in chenopodium quinoa Seeds. Journal of Botany Bulletin. 41, 27-34. (Journal)
12
Foti, S., Cosentino, S.L., Patane, C., and Agosta, G.M.D. 2002. Effects of osmoconditioning upon seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench under low temperatures. Seed Science and Technology Journal. 30, 521-533. (Journal)
13
Ghajari, A.M., and Zeynali, E. 2003.Effect of salinity and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of two cotton cultivars. Seed and plant Improvement Journal. 18: 506-509. (Journal)
14
Ghavami, F., Malboobi, M.A., Ghannadha, M.R., Yazdi Samadi, B., Mozaffari, J., Jafar Aghaei, M. 2004. An Evaluation of Salt Tolerance in Iranian Wheat Cultivars at Germination and Seedling Stages. Iranian Journal Agriculrure Science. 2(35), 453-464. (In Persian) (Journal)
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21
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Shamsaddin Saied, M., Farahbakhsh, H., Maghsoodi Mude, A.A. 2007. Effects of Salt Stress on Germination, Vegetative Growth and some Physiological Characteristics of Canola. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 11 (41), 191-203. (In Persian) (Journal)
23
Soltani, A., Kamkar, B., Galesh, S., and Akram Ghaderi, F. 2008. The effect of seed deterioration on seed reserves depletion and heterotrophic seedling growth of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 15 (1), 193-196. (In Persian) (Journal)
24
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26
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27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر قدرت بذر بر سودمندی هیدرو-پرایمینگ در ارتباط با شاخصهای مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی دو رقم کلزا
امروزه هیدرو-پرایمینگ به عنوان یکی از پیش تیمارهای ساده و ارزان جهت بهبود کارآیی بذر شناخته میشود. به منظور ارزیابی اثر قدرت بذر دو رقم کلزا بر سودمندی هیدرو-پرایمینگ، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. عوامل آزمایشی شامل دو رقم کلزا (اکاپی و اپرا)، سه سطح قدرت بذر (شاهد، 2 و 4 روز فرسودگی) و پیش تیمار (بدون پرایمینگ و هیدرو-پرایمینگ) بود. با کاهش سطح قدرت بذر، افت بیشتری در شاخصهای جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه رقم اپرا مشاهده شد. از طرف دیگر، اثرات بهبود دهنده پیش تیمار آبی بذر بر درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی و وزن خشک گیاهچه در رقم اکاپی بیشتر نمود پیدا کرد. در سطح سوم قدرت بذر، اثرات محرک هیدرو-پرایمینگ بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی و رشد گیاهچه به طور قابل ملاحظهای کاهش یافت. افزایش مقدار قندهای محلول و کاهش محتوای پروتئین کل و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در بذور فرسوده هر دو رقم کلزا اتفاق افتاد. هیدرو-پرایمینگ اثرات سوء ناشی از فرسودگی بذر را تا حدودی رفع نمود، به طوری که بیشترین میزان قند محلول (82/2) و کمترین میزان پروتئین کل (08/1) و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (021/0) در گیاهچههای حاصل از بذور فرسوده سطح سوم قدرت بذر در شرایط عدم کاربرد پیش تیمار آبی مشاهده شد. در نهایت با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، میتوان به سودمندی پرایمینگ دست کم در ارتباط با ترمیم آسیبهای ناشی از مراحل اولیه فرسودگی بذر در ارقام کلزا اشاره نمود.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2897_15f777324c27b1322a49bb46791dd084.pdf
2018-05-22
11
26
10.22124/jms.2018.2897
پرایمینگ
جوانهزنی
سیستم آنتی اکسیدان
فرسودگی بذر
گیاهچه کلزا
سعید
خماری
saeid.khomari@gmail.com
1
استادیار دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
AUTHOR
قاسم
نجفی
2
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
AUTHOR
احمد
جوادی
ahmadjavadi55@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی
عبادی
ebadi@uma.ac.ir
4
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
AUTHOR
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2
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Zhang, Q.Y., Hashemi, M., Hebert, S.J. and Li, Y.S., 2013. Different responses of preemergence and early seedling growth to planting depth between vegetable soybean and grain soybeans. Legume Research-An International Journal, 36(6), pp.515-521. (Journal)
63
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مقایسه برخی صفات جوانه زنی و بنیه بذورجمعیتهای مختلف گونه بومادران Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch در شرایط شاهد و پیش سرما
گیاه بومادران Achillea wilhelmsii C.Kochیکی از گونه های مرتعی و دارویی کشور است که هم اکنون به دلیل استفاده بیرویه آن جهت مصرف دارویی و بهداشتی، در معرض نابودی قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق آزمون جوانه زنی 23 جمعیت گونه بومادران Achillea wilhelmsii که از استان های مختلف کشور جمع آوری شده بودند، در دو شرایط شاهد و تیمار (سرمادهی) انجام شد . صفات جوانهزنی شامل سرعت جوانهزنی، درصد جوانهزنی، طول ریشهچه طول ساقهچه، طول گیاهچه، شاخص بنیه بذر و نسبت طول ریشهچه به ساقهچه بودند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری بر پایه فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثرات تیمار در جمعیت برای تمام صفات جوانه زنی در سطح یک درصد معنیدار میباشد. درمقایسه میانگینها برای صفات مختلف جوانهزنی، در شرایط شاهد و سرمادهی مشخص گردید که تیمار پیش سرما باعث افزایش معنیدار در میانگین سرعت جوانهزنی، طول ساقهچه و کاهش معنیدار در طول ریشهچه و نسبت طول ریشهچه به ساقهچه شده ولی تاثیر معنیداری روی درصد جوانهزنی، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر ندارد. بیشترین مقدار سرعت جوانهزنی درجمعیتهای 9820 (کردستان- دیواندره)،9961 (کردستان-سنندج) در شرایط سرمادهی، و بیشترین مقدار درصد جوانهزنی در جمعیت 9820(کردستان-دیواندره) در شرایط سرمادهی و جمعیت 19486(کردستان-بانه) در شرایط شاهد بدست آمد. جمعیت 9961(کردستان-سنندج) بیشترین مقدار طول ریشهچه، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر را در شرایط شاهد و بیشترین مقدار طول ساقهچه در شرایط سرمادهی را نشان داد. بنابراین سرما باعث تسریع در جوانهزنی بذور گونه بومادران A. wilhelmsii شد ولی در طول دوره جوانهزنی تاثیر چندانی روی درصد جوانهزنی بذور، طول گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر نداشت.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2898_c8e100dc5baefad0c964c38278f765f1.pdf
2018-05-22
27
39
10.22124/jms.2018.2898
Achilles wilhelmsii
بومادارن
جوانه زنی
سرمادهی
حمیده
جوادی
javadi@rifr-ac.ir
1
سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی
LEAD_AUTHOR
پروین
صالحی شانجانی
psalehi@rifr-ac.ir
2
موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی امکان پیش بینی وضعیت ظاهر شدن و استقرار گیاهچه جو دیم در مزرعه با آزمون جوانه زنی استاندارد
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی توانایی آزمون جوانهزنیاستاندارد برای پیشبینی وضعیت ظاهر شدن و استقرار گیاهچه بذر جو اجرا گردید. پژوهش حاضر در دانشگاه رازی در سال زراعی 93-1392 و در دو مرحله آزمایشگاه و مزرعه انجام شد. در آزمایشگاه، هشت توده بذر جو دیم در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در آزمون جوانهزنی استاندارد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند و شاخصهای مرتبط با بنیه بذر و گیاهچه اندازهگیری شدند. در مزرعه، این هشت توده بذر جو، در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی کشت شدند و صفات درصد و سرعت ظاهر شدن گیاهچه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمون آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که تودههای بذر از نظر صفات درصد جوانهزنی نهایی، درصد گیاهچه عادی، سرعت جوانهزنی روزانه، طول ریشهچه، وزن خشک ریشهچه، وزن خشک ساقهچه و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه تفاوت معنیدار داشتند. تجزیه اورتوگونال دادهها در آزمایشگاه و مزرعه حاکی از آن بود که خصوصیات جوانهزنی و قدرت بذر تودههای بذر جدید برتر از تودههای بذر قدیمی بود. در تجزیه همبستگی بین صفات اندازهگیری شده در آزمایشگاه با صفات مزرعهای مشخص گردید که درصد و سرعت ظاهر شدن گیاهچه در مزرعه بیشترین همبستگی را با درصد جوانهزنی نهایی، درصد گیاهچه عادی و سرعت جوانهزنی روزانه در آزمایشگاه داشتند. بنابراین، به نظر میرسد که میتوان آزمون جوانهزنی استاندارد را با اعتماد بالایی برای پیشبینی وضعیت ظاهر شدن گیاهچه بذر رقمهای جو دیم در مزرعه توصیه نمود.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2899_8e8a9d045569228b5eb8a1a78d408bbe.pdf
2018-05-22
41
53
10.22124/jms.2018.2899
آزمون بذر
جوانهزنی
ظهور گیاهچه
قدرت بذر
روناک
روشنی
ronakroshani2@gmail.com
1
کارشناسی ارشد
AUTHOR
مختار
قبادی
ghobadi.m@razi.ac.ir
2
هیئت علمی ، دانشگاه رازی
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمداقبال
قبادی
eghbalghobadi@yahoo.com
3
دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
محسن
سعیدی
msaeidi667@gmail.com
4
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه رازی
AUTHOR
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Soleiman Zadeh H., Habibi, D., Caidi, M. and Nasrallah, N. 2008. Compare Power germination tests to predict the germination and yield in winter rapeseed. The new findings Agriculture, 3(1): 41-54. (Journal)
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Soltani, A., Zeinali, E., Galeshi, S. and Latifi, N. 2002. Genetic variation for and interrelationships among seed vigor traits in wheat from the Caspian Sea Coast of Iran. Seed Seience and Technology. 29: 653-662. (In Persian) (Journal)
45
Soltani, E., Galeshi, A. and Memar, H. 2008. The effect of seed priming on germination components and seeding growth of cotton seeds under drought. Journal of Agricultural Science Natural Research. 14(15): 9-16. (In Persian) (Journal)
46
Steiner, J. J. 1990. Seedling rate of development index: indicator of vigor and seedling growth response. Crop Science. 30: 1264-1271. (Journal)
47
Tavakkoli Kakhki, H. R., A. Beheshti. and M. Nassiri Mahallati. 2005. Evaluation of seed vigor tests for determinig alfalfa seed quality. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 3(1): 25-34. (In Persian) (Journal)
48
TeKrony, D. M. and Egli D. B.1980. Effect of field weathering on the viability and vigor on soybean seed. Agronomy Journal. 72: 749-753. (In Persian) (Journal)
49
TeKrony, D. M. and Egli. D. B. 1991. Relationship of seed vigor to crop yield: A Review. Crop Science. 31:816-822. (Journal)
50
Tilebeni, G. H., and Golpayegani, A. 2011. Effect of seed ageing on physiological and biochemical changes in rice seed (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of AgriScience. 1(3): 138-143. (In Persian)
51
Verma, S. S., Verma, U. and Tomer. R. P. S. 2003. Studies on seed quality parameters in deteriorating seed in Brassica (Brassica compestris). Seed Science and Technology. 31: 389-396. (Journal) (In Persian)
52
Yaklich R. W. and Kulik M. M. 1979. Evaluation of vigor tests soybean seeds, Relationship of the standard germination tests, seedling vigor classification, seedling length and tetrazolium test staining to field performance. Crop Science. 19: 247-252. (Journal)
53
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی پیش تیمارهای شیمیایی و فیزیکی بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر علف هرز میاگروم (Myagrum perfoliatum L)
به منظور شناخت اثرات پیش تیمارهای شیمیایی و مکانیکی بر برخی از مهمترین ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر علفهرز میاگروم آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشـگاه رازی کرمانشاه اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل آب مقطر (شاهد)، اسید سولفوریک غلیظ (98 درصد در مدت زمان دو، سه و چهار دقیقه)، نیترات پتاسیم (3 درصد در مدت زمان سه، چهار و هفت روز)، پراکسید هیدروژن (30 درصد در مدت زمان دو، سه و چهار دقیقه) و خراشدهی با سمباده و سرمادهی مرطوب (به مدت یک، دو و سه هفته) بود. درصد جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی، طول و وزن خشک ساقهچه،طول و وزن خشک ریشهچه، وزن خشک کل گیاهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر علف هرز میاگروم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی به تیمارهای کاربرد پراکسید هیدرژن سه دقیقه (91 درصد) و خراشدهی مکانیکی همراه با سرمادهی به مدت سه هفته (84 درصد) و کمترین درصد جوانهزنی به تیمارهای کاربرد اسید سولفوریک مربوط بود. نتایج بررسی مقایسات گروهی تیمارها نیز نشان داد کاربرد پراکسید هیدروژن بیشترین تاثیر را بر درصد جوانهزنی بذر میاگروم داشت. بیشترین سرعت جوانهزنی (5/4) و وزن خشک ساقهچه (6/1 گرم) در تیمار پراکسید هیدورژن در مدت زمان سه دقیقه مشاهده گردید. همچنین بیشترین طول ساقهچه (7/22 میلیمتر)، طول ریشهچه (6/36 میلیمتر)، وزن خشک ریشهچه (1/1 گرم)، وزن خشک گیاهچه (5/2 گرم) و بنیه بذر (9/49) در بذرهای خراشدهی شده به همراه سرمادهی به مدت سه هفته حاصل شد. استفاده از اسید سولفوریک در مدت زمانهای متفاوت نیز بهدلیل تخریب شدید جنین منجر به از بین رفتن بذر میاگروم شد. به نظر میرسد عدم جوانیزنی مناسب بذر علف هرز میاگروم میتواند به دلیل عوامل فیزولوژیکی جنین باشد، زیرا تیمارهای مورد ارزیابی تاثیر زیادی بر فرایندهای متابولیکی و هورمونی بذر داشت.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2900_d361b2eadb0a3e843bb182c3a82e5fbe.pdf
2018-05-22
55
68
10.22124/jms.2018.2900
اسید سولفوریک
بنیه بذر
پراکسید هیدروژن
پیش تیمار بذر
سرعت جوانه زنی
نیترات پتاسیم
فرزاد
مندنی
f.mondani@razi.ac.ir
1
استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
LEAD_AUTHOR
اشکان
جلیلیان
ashkan_jalilian@yahoo.com
2
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
AUTHOR
آتوسا
الفتی
a.olfati@chmail.ir
3
دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تأثیر پیری تسریعشده و پرایمینگ بذر بر برخی شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بیوشیمیایی بذر زیرهی سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر پیری تسریعشده و پرایمینگ بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی و بیوشیمیایی بذر زیرهی سبز (.Cuminum cyminum L) آزمایشی دو عاملی در قالب طرح پایه کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل زوال بذر در چهار سطح (بدون زوال، 12، 24 و 36 ساعت) و پرایمینگ در پنج سطح با اوره در دو پتانسیل اسمزی 1- و 5/1- مگاپاسکال و پتاسیم دیهیدروژن فسفات در دو سطح 1- و5/1- مگاپاسکال و آب مقطر (هیدروپرایمینگ) بود. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و پروتئین محلول در پرایمینگ با پتاسیم دیهیدروژن فسفات در سطح 5/1- مگاپاسکال در سطح زوال صفر مشاهده شد. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که بیشترین درصد جوانهزنی (86 درصد) ، سرعت جوانهزنی(34/2 بذر در روز)، شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه (90/4) و کمترین متوسط زمان جوانهزنی (4/8 روز) مربوط به تیمار بدون زوال و پرایمینگ با پتاسیم دیهیدروژن فسفات 5/1- مگاپاسکال بود. بیشترین طول ساقهچه (52/3سانتیمتر) مربوط به تیمار پرایمینگ با اوره در سطح 5/1- مگاپاسکال در سطح بدون زوال و بیشترین طول ریشهچه (32/2سانتیمتر) از پرایمینگ اوره در سطح 1- مگاپاسکال در سطح بدون زوال بهدست آمد. بهطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که پرایمینگ با پتاسیم دیهیدروژن فسفات در سطح 5/1- مگاپاسکال میتواند بنیه بذور زوال یافته زیرهی سبز را بهبود دهد.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2901_98c64a0ee80b6f23144f3296dac1322c.pdf
2018-05-22
69
81
10.22124/jms.2018.2901
آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان
اسموپرایمینگ
پروتئین محلول
جوانهزنی
زیرهی سبز
رامین
پیری
raminpiri88@yahoo.com
1
دانشگاه یاسوج
AUTHOR
علی
مرادی
amoradi@yu.ac.ir
2
عضو هیأت علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج
LEAD_AUTHOR
معصومه
حسینی مقدم
mahoseini@aol.com
3
دانشگاه یاسوج
AUTHOR
Alivand, R., Tavakkol Afshari, R. and Sharifzadeh, F. 2012. The study of deterioration in oil seed crops under different storage conditions. Msc. Thesis. University of Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
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Parmoon, Gh. Ebadi, A. Jahanbakhsh, S. and Davari, M. 2013. The Effect of Seed Priming and Accelerated Aging on Germination and Physiochemical Changes in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum). Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 5(2): 204-211. (Journal)
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Posmyk, M. M. Corbineau, F. Vinel, D. Bailly, C. and Come, D. 2001. Osmoconditioning reduces physiological and biochemical damage induced by chilling in soybean seeds. Physiology Plantarum. 111:473–482. (Journal)
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Salami, M. R. Safarnejad, A. and Hamidi, H. 2004. Effect of salinity stress on morphological characteristics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and Valerian (Valerian officinalis). Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandagi. 72: 77-83. (In Persian) (Journal)
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Seiadat, A. Moosavi, A. and Sharaifzade, M. 2015. Alleviate Seed Ageing Effects in Silybum marianum by Application of Hormone Seed Priming. Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 7(3):316-321. (Journal)
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Sohrabiani, S. 2016. Effect of priming on germination indices and some enzymes of cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) with different longevity under drought and salinity stresses. Msc. Thesis. Yasouj University, Iran. 140 pages. (In Persian)
39
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Sveinsdottir, H. Yan, F., Zhu, Y. Peiter-Volk, T. and Schubert, S. 2009. Seed ageing-induced inhibition of germination and post-germination root growth is related to lower activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in maize roots. Journal of Plant Physiology. 166(2): 128-135. (Journal)
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Sveinsdottir, H., F. Yan and Zhu, Y 2009. Seed ageing-induced inhibition of germination and post-germination root growth is related to lower activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in maize roots. Journal of Plant Physiology. 166: 128-135. (Journal)
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Tavakolafshari, R. Qasim, F. MajnoonHosseini, N. Alizadeh, e. and Bihamta, M. r. 2007. The effect of aging on seed germination characteristics and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase in barley genotypes. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2: 337-346. (In persian) (Journal)
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تاثیر پرایمینگ بذر با اکسین بر جوانهزنی، صفات فیزیولوژیکی و کنترل بیماری رایزوکتونیایی پنبه
در تحقیق حاضر تاثیر پرایمینگ با غلظتهای مختلف اسیدایندول- 3- استیک (IAA) بر جوانهزنی بذر و برخی ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک سه رقم پنبه شامل ساحل، گلستان و ورامین، همچنین کنترل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه ناشی از Rhizoctonia solani در دو آزمایش جداگانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در آزمایش اول، اثر غلظتهای 0، 1/0، 01/0 و 001/0 میکرومولار IAA بر جوانهزدن بذر در تشتکهای پلاستیکی بررسی گردید. در آزمایش دوم، تاثیر تیمارهای ذکر شده بر کنترل بیماری مرگ گیاهچه بررسی شد. طول ریشه، طول ساقه و وزنِ خشک کل گیاهچهها پس از 28 روز اندازهگیری گردید و محتوای کل فنل عصارهی الکلی توسط معرف فولین- سیوکالتو تخمین زده شد. نتایج نشان داد که جوانهزنی بذر، رشد ریشه، ساقه و وزنِ خشک کل بهطور معنیداری توسط غلظتهای پایین IAA (01/0 و 001/0 میکرومولار) افزایش داشته است. همچنین استعمال غلظتهای 01/0 و 001/0 میکرومولار از IAA میزان شاخص بیماری ناشی از R. solani را بهترتیب 17% و 38% در رقم ساحل و 1% و 5/33% در رقمهای گلستان و ورامین کاهش داد. این غلظتها سبب افزایش محتوای فنل کل گیاهچه شد. اثر پرایمینگ در سه رقم پنبه مورد مطالعه تاثیر معنیداری بر تغییر برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک و شاخص بیماری داشت.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2902_37d3c292cb14f039376e8502f9fa3b68.pdf
2018-05-22
83
93
10.22124/jms.2018.2902
پرایمینگ
پنبه
جوانهزنی
Rhizoctonia
الهه
لطفعلی نژاد
elahelotfalinezhad@yahoo.com
1
دانشجو/ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
LEAD_AUTHOR
سید جواد
صانعی
2
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
سید اسماعیل
رضوی
razavi@gau.ac.ir
3
استادیار/ دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
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36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
تاثیر هالوپرایمینگ بذر بر جوانه زنی و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک گیاهچه ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum) قدس و نیک نژاد در شرایط تنش شوری
آزمایش به منظور تاثیر پرایمینگ بذر گندم با محلول نمکی بر جوانه زنی، محتوی برخی هورمون ها و پایداری غشا سلولی در شرایط تنش شوری انجام شد. آزمایش بر اساس آزمایش فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور اول سطوح تنش شوری (0 و 100 میلی مولار نمک کلرید سدیم)، فاکتور دوم سطوح پرایمینگ بذر (0، 1درصد، 2 درصد و 3 درصد نیترات پتاسیم) و فاکتور سوم ارقام گندم شامل رقم نیک نژاد (متحمل یه شوری) و رقم قدس (حساس به شوری) بود. پرایمینگ بذر گندم با نمک نیترات پتاسیم سبب افزایش جوانه زنی بذر، فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان، فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز و محتوی اسید جیبرلیک گیاهچه شد در حالیکه غلظت مالون دی آلدهید و محتوی اسید آبسیزیک گیاهچه را کاهش داد. در شرایط تنش شوری بیشترین درصد جوانه زنی بذر رقم نیک نژاد تحت تاثیر تیمارهای پرایمینگ با محلول 2 درصد و 3 درصد نیترات پتاسیم به میزان 1/87 درصد و 9/87 درصد مشاهده شد در حالیکه بیشترین جوانه زنی بذر رقم قدس در تیمار 3 درصد نیترات پتاسیم به میزان 75 درصد مشاهده شد. در شرایط تنش شوری تمام تیمارهای پرایمینگ بذر موجب کاهش محتوی اسید آبسیزیک گیاهچه رقم نیک نژاد شد اما در رقم قدس پرایمینگ بذر با محلول 2 و 3 درصد نیترات پتاسیم محتوی اسید آبسیزیک گیاهچه را در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش داد. پرایمینگ بذر سبب افزایش پایداری غشا سلولی هر دو رقم گندم شد و کمترین میزان مالون دی آلدهید هر دو رقم گندم در گیاهچه حاصل از بذرهای پرایم شده با پرایمینگ با محلول 2 درصد و 3 درصد نیترات پتاسیم مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد پرایمینگ بذر گندم با نمک نیترات پتاسیم یک روش موثر جهت تقویت جوانه زنی بذر و غلبه بر شرایط نامساعد ناشی از تنش شوری در دوره رشد گیاهچه گندم است.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2903_04631a59f90a15cdc472e2e8bea18a51.pdf
2018-05-22
95
107
10.22124/jms.2018.2903
اسید جیبرلیک
آلفا آمیلاز
آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدان
اسید آبسیزیک
نیترات پتاسیم
مالون دی آلدهید
روزبه
فرهودی
rfarhoudi@gmail.com
1
هیات علمی
LEAD_AUTHOR
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Poustini, K. and Siosemardeh, A. 2004. Ion distribution in wheat cultivars in response to salinity stress. Field Crops Research. 55:125-133. (In Persian) (Journal)
27
Qasim, M., Ashraf, M. M., Jamil, A. M., Rehman, Y., S., U. and Rha, E. S. 2012. Water relations and gas exchange properties in some elite canola (Brassica napus L.) lines under salt stress. Annual Application of Biology. 142:307-316.
28
Saha, P., Chatterjee, P. and Biswas, A.K. 2010. NaCl pretreatment alleviates salt stress by enhancement of antioxidant defense system and osmolyte accumulation in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Indian Journal of Expriment Biology. 48:593–600. (Journal)
29
Scott, S.J., Jones, R.A. and Williams, W.A.1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24:1192-1199. (Journal)
30
Shirazi, M.U., Ashraf, M.Y., Khan, M.A. and Nagvi, M.H. 2005 Potassium induced salinity tolerance in wheat. International Journal of Environment Science Technology. 2(3):233-236. (Journal)
31
Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovi, L. and Gasparikora, O. 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relation in two maize cultivars. Plant Soil Enviroment, 52: 186-191.
32
Varier, A., Vari, A.K. and Dadlani, M. 2010. The sub cellular basis of seed priming. Crop and Biology Science. 99:450–456. (Journal)
33
Wu, H., Shabala, L., Barry, K., Zhou, M. and Shabala, S. 2013. Ability of leaf mesophyll to retain potassium correlates with salinity tolerance in wheat and barley. Physiology Plantarum. 149:515–727. (Journal)
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
ارزیابی بنیه، تغییرات محتوی پروتئین، نشاسته و سلامت بذر ذرت(Zea mays L. ) هیبرید تحت تأثیر تاریخ-های مختلف کاشت و رطوبتهای متفاوت برداشت در منطقه مغان
این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثر تغییر تاریخ کاشت و رطوبت برداشت بر تغییرات بنیه، میزان پروتئین و نشاسته و سلامت بذر ذرت سینگل کراس 704 انجام شد. آزمایش در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل(مغان) در سه تکرار بهصورت بلوکهای کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل سه تاریخ کاشت 22 اردیبهشت، 4 خرداد و 19 خرداد وچهار سطح تیماررطوبت برداشت 30، 25، 20 و 15 درصد بودند. پس از اینکه بلالها به رطوبت مورد نظر رسیدند در هوای آزادخشک شدند تا به رطوبت 14 درصد رسیدند سپس با بلال دانهکن آزمایشگاهی دان شدند و توسط سه غربال در اندازه های 7، 6 و 5/5 میلیمتر بهترتیب به سه اندازه بذری پهن(هفت میلیمتر)، گرد(شش میلیمتر) و متوسط(پنج و نیم میلیمتر) درجهبندی شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل آزمونهای بلاتر، جوانهزنی استاندارد، متوسط زمان جوانهزنی، ظهور ریشهچه، محتوی پروتئین و نشاسته بذرها بود. تأخیر در زمان کاشت و برداشت منجر به کاهش معنیدار درصد محتوی پروتئین و نشاسته بذر شد. بیشترین درصد قارچ فوزاریوم متعلق به بذرهای حاصل از تاریخ کاشت سوم و رطوبت برداشت 15 درصد و کمترین آن به بذرهای تاریخ کاشت اول و رطوبت برداشت 25 درصد اختصاص داشت. با تأخیر در کاشت، کیفیت بذرهای تولیدی کاهش یافت که این کاهش با برداشت دیرهنگام و در بذرهای اندازه گرد بارزتر بود به طوری که در تاریخ کاشت سوم، رطوبت برداشت 15 درصد منجر به کاهش حدود 14 درصدی گیاهچه عادی در بذرهای اندازه گرد شد. . حداقل درصد جوانهزنی و بنیه بذر به بذرهای اندازه گرد حاصل از تاریخ کاشت سوم و رطوبت برداشت 15 درصد تعلق داشت.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2904_c12b4851ccb6814506e8e90892b68c66.pdf
2018-05-22
109
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10.22124/jms.2018.2904
تاریخ کاشت
ذرت
فوزاریوم
اندازه بذر
کیفیت بذر
بیتا
اسکویی
1
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال-کرج
AUTHOR
آیدین
حمیدی
a.hamidi@spcri.ir
2
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
LEAD_AUTHOR
سامان
شیدائی
saman_sheidaee@yahoo.com
3
موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
حسین
صادقی
h.sadeghi@areeo.ac.ir
4
عضو هیات علمی / موسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
مریم
دیوسالار
divsalarmaray@yahoo.com
5
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
عنایت
رضوانی
e.rezvany@areo.ir
6
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
لیلا
زارع
l.zare@spcri.ir
7
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
محمد
نوری
8
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
شاپور
علیزاده
9
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
عاطفه
خندان
khandan_00@yahoo.com
10
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
جعفر
رضازاده
11
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
جلال
مومنی
12
مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال
AUTHOR
Anonymus, 2012a. Agriculture statistics, first volume-horticultural and field crops, 2010-11 crop year. Information and Communication Technology Center of Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture.
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Anonymous, 2012b. Iran plant varieties national list (1st. vol. Agricultural crops).Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Agricultural Research Education and Extensions Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI).(In Persian)
2
Anonymous, 2012c. FAO statistical yearbook, world food and agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy.
3
Anonymous, 2013. Seed and plant certification and registration institute (SPCRI) 10 years (2003-2013) revenue report. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Agricultural Research Education and Extensions Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI). (In Persian)
4
Anonymous, 2015. International rules for seed testing. International seed testing association (ISTA), Zurich, Switzerland.
5
Basra, S. 2002. Seed quality.Copyright by Haworth Press, Inc., USA. pp: 119-145.
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Beck, D.L. 2001. Management of hybride maize seed production.CIMMYT.pp:1-45.
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Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein day binding. Analitical Biochemistry. 72:248-254. (Journal)
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Ellis, R.H. and Roberts, E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Science and Technology. 9: 377-409. (Journal)
10
Galanoppoulou, S., Fallcinelli, M., Lorenzetti, F. 1996. General agronomic aspects of seed production. pp. 175-187 In: Van Gastel, A.J.G, Pagnotta, M.A., Proceddu, E. (ed). Seed Science and Technology. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.
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Hristov, N., Mladenov, N., Djuric, V., Kondic-Spika, A., Marjanovic-Jeromela, A. and Simic, D. 2010. Genotype by environment interactions in wheat quality breeding programs in southeast Europe. Euphytica. 174: 315-324. (Journal)
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Koclert. G. 1978. Carbohydrates determination by phenol-sulffuric acid method- Cambridge univer press. First edition. 105-108.
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Mathur, S.B. and Koagsdal, O. 2003. Common laboratory Seed health testing methods for detecting fungi. Danish Government Institute of Seed pathology for developing countries.
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Matthews, S. 2011. Evaluation of early counts of radicle emergence during germination as a repeatable and reproducible vigor test for maize, ISTA Method Validation Reports.
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Mc Donald, M.B. 2004. Orthodox seed deterioration and its repair. Pp. 273-304. In: Benech- Arnold, R.L. and R.L. Sanchez. (eds). Handbook of Seed Physiology. Food Product Press. Argentin.
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Mrdja, J., Crnobarac, J., Radic, V. and Miklic, V. 2012. Sunflower seed quality and yield in relation to environment conditions of production region. Helia. 35.123-134. (Journal)
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Parsons, M.W. and Munkvold, G.P. 2012. Effect of planting date and environmental factors on fusarium ear rot symptoms and fumonisin B1 accumulation in maize grown in six North American locations. Plant Pathology. 61: 1130-1142. (Journal)
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Perry, D.A. 1980. The concept of seed vigor and its relevance to seed production techniques. Seed Production. Butter worth’s. London. 585-591. (Journal)
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Samarah, N.H., and Abu-Yahya, A. 2008. Effect of maturity stages of winter and spring sowen chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) on germination and vigor of the harvested seeds. Seed Science and Technology,. 36: 177-190. (Journal)
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Sastawa, B. M., Lawan, M. and Maina, Y.T. 2004. Management of insect pests of soybean: effects of sowing dste and intercropping on damage and grain yield in the Nigerian sudsn savanns. Crop Protection.23: 155-161. (Journal)
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Shelar, V.R. 2008. Role of mechanical damage in deterioration of soybean seed quality during storage – A review. Agricultural Reviews. 9(3):177-184. (Journal)
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Shumway, C.R., Cothern, J.T, Serna – Saldivar, S.O. and Rooney, L.W. 1992. Planting date and moisture level effect on grain yield, physical grain quality, and alkalin- processing characteristics of food-grade maize. Crop Science, 32: 1265- 1269.
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Siami. 2009. Corn production technology. Sepehr press. pp: 187. (Book)
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TeKrony, D.M. and Egli, D.B. 1997. Accumulation of seed vigour during development and maturation. In: R.H. Ellis, M. Black, A. J. Murdoch and T.D. Hong (Eds), Basic and Applied Aspects ofSeed Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 369-384.
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Triboi, E., Abad., A., Michelena, A., Lloveras, J., Ollier, J.L. and Daniel, C. 2000. Environmental effects on the quality of two wheat genotypes: 1. quantitative and qualitative variation of storage proteins. Eurpean Journal of Agronomy. 13: 47-64. (Journal)
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Verma, S.S., Tomer, R.P.S. and Verma, U. 2003. Loss of viability and vigor in Indian mustard seeds stored under ambientconditions. Seed Research, 31: 1, 98-101.
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Walters, C., Ballesteros, D. and Vertucci, V.A. 2010. Structural mechanics of seed deterioration: Standing the test of time.Plant Science. 179: 565–573. (Journal)
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Wych, R. D. 1998. Production of hybrid seed corn. In G. F. Sprague(ed), Corn and corn In provement, 3rd ed. ASA, Madison, WI, PP. 565-607.
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Yakup, O.K and Canvar, O. 2014. The effect of sowing date on yield and yield components and seed quality of Corn (Zea mays L.). Scientific papers. Series A. Agronomy. Vol. 2285-5807. (Journal)
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بررسی تأثیر کاربرد باکتریهای افزاینده رشد گیاه (PGPR) بر قابلیت جوانهزنی بذر، بنیه گیاهچه و برخی ویژگیهای مرتبط دورگهای دیررس ذرت
بهمنظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد باکتریهای افزاینده رشد گیاه (PGPR) ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم، آزوسپیریلوم لیپوفروم و سودوموناس فلورسنس بر قابلیت جوانهزنی و بنیه بذر و گیاهچه دورگهای ساده دیررس ذرت700، 704 و یک دورگ امیدبخش B73×K18 پژوهشی در آزمایشگاه تجزیه کیفی بذر مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تلقیح بذرهای این دورگها با تک تک باکتریها، بهصورت دوتایی، سه تایی و عدم تلقیح باکتریایی بهعنوان تیمار شاهد بودند. ویژگیهای مورد بررسی شامل درصد جوانهزنی نهایی، متوسط جوانهزنی، متوسط جوانهزنی روزانه، ضریب سرعت جوانهزنی، سرعت جوانهزنی روزانه، طول گیاهچه، ریشه و ساقه اولیه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، ساقه و ریشه اولیه و شاخص بنیه گیاهچه بودند. نتایج بدست آمده مشخص ساخت که بهجز متوسط جوانهزنی روزانه و ضریب سرعت جوانهزنی سایر ویژگیهای مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر اثرمتقابل دورگها و PGPR قرار گرفتند. همچنین مشخص گردید که کاربرد مایه تلقیح تلفیقی از این سه جنس باکتری سبب بیشترین افزایش در قابلیت جوانهزنی بذر و ویژگیهای مرتبط با بنیه گیاهچه هر سه دورگ شده و بهترتیب مایه تلقیح دارای دو باکتری ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم و سودوموناس فلورسنس و تلقیح بذر با تک تک این باکتریها از تأثیر بیشتری برخوردار بودند. همچنین ویژگیهای مورد بررسی بذر دورگ SC704 بیش از دورگهای دیگرتحت اثرات مثبت باکتریهای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته و از این لحاظ دورگهای B73×K18 و700 در مرتبههای بعدی قرار داشتند. بررسی رابطه همبستگی بین ویژگیهای بررسی شده نیز وجود همبستگی بالای بین آنها را نشان داد. بنابراین، براساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش کاربرد PGPR تأثیر معنیداری بر ارتقای کیفیت بذر و بهبود بنیه گیاهچه دو رگهای ذرت مورد مطالعه داشتند.
https://jms.guilan.ac.ir/article_2905_22ceda0ca8df5872d4e73932aae88f18.pdf
2018-05-22
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136
10.22124/jms.2018.2905
ارتقای کیفیت بذر
تلقیح بذر
شاخص وزنی بنیه گیاهچه
متوسط زمان جوانهزنی
آیدین
حمیدی
smrehteshami@yahoo.com
1
دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
احمد
اصغرزاده
a_asgharzadeh_2000@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
رجب
چوکان
r_choukan@yahoo.com
3
استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
AUTHOR
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